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In 2007, a solar planetary system like our solar system was discovered. The system includes five planets that revolve around a star named 55 Cancri, approximately 41 light years away from Earth. The five planets consist of three giant planets that orbit closer to their star than Mercury's orbit around our sun, a planet 4 times the size of Jupiter but a similar distance from the sun, and the last planet which has a mass close to Saturn. This discovery was so big since not only was this the most populated solar system discovered besides ours, but just over a decade ago at this time, no other planets orbiting stars like ours had been found. This discovery shows the progress in science when it comes to space.

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On May 25, 2008, a Mars lander named Phoenix landed on Mars and studied it for five months. While on Mars, Phoenix verified discoveries like water and ice on the planet's surface. Phoenix also made new discoveries that included the implication for life and falling snow due to chemistry in the soil, the finding of perchlorate which is a chemical on earth that can be toxic but also food for microbes, finding a new alkaline soil environment, and many more findings. This Mars lander study gave much more information about Mars as a planet by confirming discoveries other scientists have made and broadening the horizons of what can be found and researched on the planet that was never known before.

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The 19-year-old Hubble Space Telescope got a new wide-field camera and zoomed in to discover galaxies that are speculated to be formed 13.1 billion years ago. With the finding of these galaxies, it could break the record for the oldest known galaxies found and the most distant objects in the universe. At this time, There were only a few closely observed and researched components of the universe dated this early, so any early discoveries in the universe are very important.

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Dark matter is described as completely invisible as it emits no light or energy, but despite that, there was a finding that two astrophysicists said that it was evidence of dark matter in explosions at the center of the Milky Way. The Fermi gamma-ray Telescope found the signal that was brighter than usual which was the beginning of the discovery. It is explained that the prediction of this brightness was that the dark matter particles were so close together that they were destroying each other thus emitting the light upon destruction. If this discovery really was a dark matter then it would be big as dark matter was never before able to been detected by light.

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On St. Patrick's Day in 2011, a NASA satellite became the first spacecraft to ever orbit Mercury. The spacecraft was launched in August 2004 and before its final destination in orbit of Mercury, it orbited the sun 15 times and made flybys of Earth, Venus, and even Mercury. This messenger satellite gave increased knowledge of Mercury and our solar system as well as solar systems in general and how they evolve which is why it is so important. Plus, It made history by being the first to orbit the small planet.

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Using NASA's Kepler space telescope, the smallest solar system was found containing 5 exoplanets around 1.5-2 times the earth's size. The planets orbit a star called KOI-500 with a region area 150 times smaller than that of Earth. The exoplanets are so close together by their sun that the planet's "year" ranges from 1 day to 9 days and from time to time, the gravity from the planets pushes and pulls each other from their orbit since they are so close. Despite that, the planets never clash with each other. Learning about this discovery influenced future research as nothing was seen like this before.

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In March 2013, it was revealed that Mars could've supported life. This was uncovered when NASA's Curiosity rover drilled into a rock on the planet around 2.5 inches deep. Then, once the sample was transferred for testing, it was found that there were vital chemicals that could be used as an energy source including sulfur, oxygen, hydrogen, etc. for life in this sample. If this was a true discovery and there is a habitable part of Mars it would be life-changing as it could mean that in the past there could've been life in the past we have not discovered or research in the future could attempt the process of growing life on Mars, something that hasn't been done before.

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Curiosity Collects First Rock Sample Using Drill | Video

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For the first time on Mars, a rover has collected a rock sample using a drill. Curiosity's drill captured about 1 table spoon of Martian rock.

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For the first time in history, a spacecraft from Earth landed on a comet. The comet is named 67P/C-G and the goal was to get the European spacecraft Philae to land on the comet with its harpoon and cold gas thruster to keep it from bouncing off. After seven hours, the spacecraft was confirmed to have landed on the comet. Since comets are so unstable and unpredictable, getting research
like this is so vital.

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The European Space Agency's Rosetta mission's lander successfully landed on the surface of comet 67P/C-G on Nov. 11, 2014. ESA's mission control erupts in celebration on landing confirmation. <a href="http://goo.gl/OMubzL">(Full Story)</a></p>

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Philae Lands On Comet! - Mission Control Celebrates | Video

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The European Space Agency's Rosetta mission's lander successfully landed on the surface of comet 67P/C-G on Nov. 11, 2014. ESA's mission control erupts in celebration on landing confirmation. <a h...

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On September 27th, 2015, the moon passed through Earth's shadow during a perigee full moon which created a supermoon total eclipse. A perigee moon or a "supermoon" is when the moon is at its full phase when its orbit is closest to the earth, so when it occurs, the moon is bigger and brighter. This moon was so special and important since its predicted that we wont have another moon like this until 2033.

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An announcement was made on February 11th, 2016 that there was solid proof of gravitational waves directly detected by researchers. This detection was made due to two black holes colliding which sent gravitational waves outward causing ripples in space-time. This was revolutionary as before this discovery, the only proof of gravitational waves was Einstein's theory made 100 years ago. Unlike the theory, this was clear, visible proof.

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On Sept. 14th, 2015, physicists directly observed gravitational waves created by the merger of 2 black holes. Northwestern University's Vicky Kalogera and Shane Larson explain the find, made with the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors.

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Historic Gravitational Waves Discovery Explained By Experts | Video

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On Sept. 14th, 2015, physicists directly observed gravitational waves created by the merger of 2 black holes. Northwestern University's Vicky Kalogera and Shane Larson explain the find, made with ...

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NASA spacecraft Juno shows the gaseous planet in tremendous detail. The thousands of pictures gave info on the big storm occurring on Jupiter's red spot, confirming the cyclones on the north and south poles of the planet, and revealed more, smaller storms unseen. Learning more about Jupiter's makeup, composition, and atmosphere is major since it gives us the chance to contrast the aspects of Jupiter to other planets like earth or other planets in our solar system and even beyond that.

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For the first time, the origins of a neutrino or "ghost particle"  were tracked and discovered. After a detector in Antarctica detected a neutrino, the discovery could track back to the source. The neutrino's source was traced to a galaxy 4 billion light-years from Earth with a rapidly spinning black hole in its center known as a blazar. This discovery helped with a new era of research including further researching neutrinos' origins and how they give a new view of the universe and the galaxy that produces neutrinos and why.

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It was revealed that an exoplanet was orbiting a white dwarf. A white dwarf named WDJ0914+1914 was being inspected when they found traces of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which was unusual for a white dwarf. When looked at with a telescope, that's when the planet was discovered the reason for the traces of the elements was that the white dwarf was evaporating the planet due to its heat. This discovery was important since this was the first time seeing this and it could give us info on what our solar system could be like when our sun eventually transitions to its white dwarf stage.

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390 million light-years away, a record-breaking explosion occurred due to a black hole. This explosion came from a supermassive black hole in the center of an Ophiuchus galaxy cluster, having the black hole blast out material in a big beam. This blast broke the record for the biggest blast in space previously held by the MS 0735+74 by 5 times, Making space explosion history.

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In mid 2021, Scientists Padro Berardinelli and Gary Bernstein discovered a comet that is the largest found comet to date. The Berardinelli-Bernstein comet (the comet discovered named in their honour) was found in a dark energy survey that takes thousands of pictures of the sky to further understand dark energy. The comet was seen in around 20 pictures and immediately caught the scientist's eye. The comet's size ended up sizing up to 60-120 miles wide which regarding comets, is quite large due to comets' icy structure that usually gets melted after each pass of the sun.

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On May 12th, 2022, the first-ever photo of Sagittarius A, a Milky Way black hole discovered in 1974 was revealed for the first time. This picture took years to capture since black holes don't emit light but at this time, the black hole was surrounded by a glow of gas and dust. This photo gives clear evidence that supermassive black holes do exist and they can live in the center of galaxies.

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https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/27/world/biggest-explosion-black-hole-universe-scn/index.html
https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/12/world/neutrino-blazar-cosmic-ray-discovery/index.html
https://www.livescience.com/alien-planet-around-white-dwarf-first-discovery.html
https://mashable.com/article/black-hole-milky-way-discovery-sagittarius-a
https://www.nasa.gov/redplanet/phoenix.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13108-2007-the-year-in-astronomy/
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https://www.space.com/9405-dark-matter-finally-time.html
https://www.space.com/giant-comet-bernardinelli-bernstein-discovery-size-activity
https://www.space.com/31900-gravitational-waves-discovery-ligo.html
https://www.space.com/11160-nasa-spacecraft-mercury-orbit-messenger.html
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https://www.space.com/27740-rosetta-comet-landing-success.html
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https://www.wired.co.uk/gallery/jupiter-pictures-red-spot-juno