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what does it mean that violence is a social practice, beyond being individual victimization?

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what does it mean that violence is a social practice, beyond being individual victimization?

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Each "individual incident" that occurs to a similar group of people is not coincidental.“The oppression of violence consists not only in direct victimization, but in the daily knowledge shared by all members of oppressed groups that they are liable to violation." (Young) Blaming the individual victims that have experienced violence is harmful, because it doesn't address the systemic harm. When violence is a social practice, "it is expected that it will happen again."

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in which social categories does violence work? give an example to illustrate.

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in which social categories does violence work? give an example to illustrate.

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Violence can occur to all social categories. A lot of violence is experienced in different social categories, but one unfortunately common one is gendered violence. A lot of womxn carry this fear that harm will be done to them when walking by themselves, but pretty much anywhere. The commonality of some sort of harm from catcalling to even rape, even if somewhere or someone claims to be "safe." Hence the creation of double-consciousness. This creates also a market of self-protection tools for women, because the dire need to protect themselves from violence.

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how would cultural imperialism promote violence as a social practice?

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how would cultural imperialism promote violence as a social practice?

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Violence is the most extreme form of oppression, and the action of cultural imperialism. The stereotypes and the objectification of the oppressed group are

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imposing the experiences of the dominant group to the non-dominant group

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in which social categories does cultural imperialism work? list two prominent categories with examples.

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in which social categories does cultural imperialism work? list two prominent categories with examples.

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Cultural imperialism is most prominent in the categories of race and class. When culture imperialism is talked about, it revolves around the dominant group's experience.

This has hurt so many people of color and has even caused some to lose job opportunities. I think of the character, Molly, from the show Insecure. A black woman working in law and in the beginning of the show, she worked in a space where she was the only black woman in the office. Her hair in the beginning of the season was straight and laid down. After a couple seasons later, now working in a predominantly black law firm, she reclaimed her blackness by ditching the hair and embracing her natural hair. The dominant culture of whiteness reflected onto her, creating a double-consciousness within her. She had to succumb to the standard of white professionalism.

In terms of sexuality, straight experiences lead to the questioning of sex works in different relationships outside the cis-hetero relationship, in a patronizing way. "How do yall do it?" This can also apply to those with disabilities, and that group is sometimes questioned the same exact thing. Just because they are disabled, their experience is so "foreign," because it isn't the "typical" sort of relationship. The cis-het normative experience has become so normalized that the practice of sex is even questioned to "othered" groups.

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what is double-consciousness? define, based on your own life experiences.

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what is double-consciousness? define, based on your own life experiences.

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The non-dominant group tend to see themselves in the lens of the dominant group. I developed a double-consciousness early on in my life as a woman of color. By wearing certain makeup and certain clothes, am I really doing it to empower myself or is my double-consciousness being activated to appease to the dominant group? A lot of the standards of beauty were curated through the eyes of the oppressor.

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what are some ways to get rid of cultural imperialism?

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what are some ways to get rid of cultural imperialism?

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A way that helped combat cultural imperialism, in terms of sexuality was normalizing the talks of different experiences of sex. In a previous organization, we battled cultural imperialism by having conversations about sex that go beyond the heteronormative narrative, and including experiences that aren't usually talked about.

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lack of autonomy over the power of respectability

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Powerlessness exists in exploitation and marginalization. Even in the name "powerlessness," the ones that don't have power over their status in life are the ones left exploited or marginalized.

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in which social categories does powerlessness work?

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in which social categories does powerlessness work?

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Powerlessness applies to all social categories: race, gender, sexuality, social class, religion, ability, citizenship/ language. All oppressed groups experience powerlessness. Particularly, in the scope of religion non-christian groups, are often forgotten and not recognized. In America, religious groups that observe different holidays don't have the privilege of having those days honored in the calendar. This means that they would often have to take time out of their own work or school hours.

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transfer of the results of the labor of one social group to benfit another.

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Instead, here is a song that talks about exploitation.

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with which social category does exploitaiton work?

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with which social category does exploitaiton work?

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Exploitation effects all working class people. Undocumented people, or people that doesn't have a citizenship status have to work jobs that don't abide by minimum wage.

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how is this relevant to you and your community

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how is this relevant to you and your community

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As a person of color, a woman, and someone who is working class, merely having to work a job is an example of exploitation. My community of Filipinos experience exploitation all over the world, because of their natured responsibility to provide for their family. Oversea Filipinos are forced to work under exploitation in a place outside of their home, because of the economic state in the Philippines. Filipino American agricultural worker, Larry Itliong, helped organize laborers to unionize against exploitation.

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example of method to challenge the oppression

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example of method to challenge the oppression

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By not doing more of what is asked from you is a way to challenge exploitation. More often times than not, we exert more of our labor power than needed. By not offering to do additional things outside your work description does not necessarily save you from exploitation, but challenges being exploitated even more.

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expelling of people whose labor capitalism does not or will not use because their labor is considered worthless/useless.

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with which social category does marginalization work?

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with which social category does marginalization work?

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Examples of communities that are often marginalized are elderly, houseless, pregnant women, convicts, disabled people, etc. "One of the issues with marginalization is that we often see it as a result of the fault of an individual." Houseless people are excluded from the job market. In what is needed of an individual to work, houseless people can't provide -- like a working address, uniform, etc. When some state "they should just get a job," accessibility to resources experiencing unemployment and houselessness isn't easy when they are marginalized. Finding a job is not a solution to the crisis.

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marginalization in the disabled community

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marginalization in the disabled community

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Excluding physically and mentally disabled folx from the participation of exploitation leaves them at a great disadvantage. In the capitalists' lens, to accommodate their needs requires extra cost, compared to the "typical" worker, no matter what type of disability it is. The marginalization of disabled people leaves them static in their socio-economic status. In the image shown in the picture is metaphoric of the overall lack of inclusion, but also them not being able to climb up the socio-economic ladder compared to able-bodied people.

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method to challenge marginalization -- provide a real life example + source

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method to challenge marginalization -- provide a real life example + source

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Reparations is a method to make amends for a wrong. To the descendants of African Americans, it is used to remedy the centuries of brutality they've experienced that have set them back. The wealth gap between white people and African Americans is due to the years of violence. By demanding reparations, addressing the racial disparities, allows a step closer to equity.

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Why we need reparations for Black Americans | Brookings

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Rashawn Ray and Andre Perry outline the history of reparations in the United States, missed opportunities to redress the racial wealth gap, and specific details for a viable reparations package for Black Americans.

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how does marginalization connect to exploitation?

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how does marginalization connect to exploitation?

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What makes marginalization different from exploitation is that those that are marginalized cannot participate in exploitation. They are deprived from materialistic opportunities, because they are seen as incapable. Exploitation and marginalization work hand in hand because it perpetuates the system of oppression by not allowing people to advance economically.

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we discussed code-switching as a potential way to challenge (linguistic) powerlessness. share a reflection on code-switching if it is an effective way.

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we discussed code-switching as a potential way to challenge (linguistic) powerlessness. share a reflection on code-switching if it is an effective way.

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As code switching is the linguistic adaptation to different contexts, it is a tactic to adapt to the dominant white middle class culture. Code-switching is something a lot of people even do unconsciously. In the classrooms, young kids are typically forced to conform to the white middle-class way of speaking. This forces them to speak a completely different language that is somewhat foreign to from, since it isn't what is spoken at home. To challenge the education system, a school that has a more dense black student population, teachers curated and fought for the curriculum that would allow students to have a learning environment that's culturally accurate to them. One of the white teachers shared that she had to feel comfortable being uncomfortable in reading books written in AAVE, as it was like learning a new language to her.