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Jim Crow Laws were a system of segregation created in the Southern United States by former Confederates. The system was created in order to keep black people out of white society. The Jim Crow Laws were created by primarily Southern white democrats and began during the Reconstruction period. This segregation was enforced in almost all elements of southern societies. Some hospital even had the right to deny treatment to African Americans. (Brinkley)

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The Freedmen's Bureau was an agency created in order to aid freed slaves and poor whites. When slaves were freed from their plantations, the majority were illiterate and did not have any resources that would help them start their new lives. The people living in the bureau were extremely poor and used it as a shelter and a haven from outside hate and racism. They were provided with education, food, clothing, and hospitals in an attempt to get jobs. Many white people grew upset because they felt that they were just paying taxes in order to allow African Americans to sit around without jobs. (Brinkley)

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Clara Barton was the founder of the American Red Cross. She administered medical care to Union soldiers during the Civil War. Despite not going to nursing school, Clara was able to help on the battle field through her self-taught nursing skills. She later became a famous advocate of sanitation. Barton's techniques ended up saving the lives of thousands of Union soldiers.  (Brinkley)

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Joseph Hooker was a war general who fought for the United States. His skill and endurance is present through his efforts in fighting during the Seminole War, Mexican-American War, and American Civil War. Due to his military achievement, Hooker was nicknamed "Fighting Joe". During the Battle of Chancellorsville, Hooker made the decision to retreat from Robert E. Lee's troops in order to protect Washington D.C. After the Civil War ended, Joseph Hooker was sent to command the Department of the East, protecting New York and the northern states.(History)

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Fort Sumter was a Union fort fired on by Confederates. The southern attack occurred in 1861 in South Carolina. The fort was occupied by U.S. major Robert Anderson during the attack. This attack marks the first shots of the Civil War and its official start. Because the Confederates had won this battle, the tide of the early Civil War had quickly formed in their favor. (Brinkley)

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Sally Tompkins was a southern women who was enlisted in the Civil War. She founded a hospital in order to care for Confederate soldiers in the 1860s. Despite all private hospitals being ordered to shut down after 1861, hers was allowed to stay open. Out of the approximately 1,300 people Tompkins treated, only 73 died. Because of her skill, many generals tried to place only their most wounded soldiers in Tompkins' care. (eHistory)