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Typically found in the soil/compost in tropical areas.
MORPHOLOGY:  Colonies are slow growing, initially mucoid (resemble mucus), yeast-like and shiny-black

With age they develop aerial mycelia and become dark green
KEY FEATURE: Two-celled yeast-like cells producing annelloconidia (a swelling).
DISEASE: Tinea Nigra, common in tropical and subtropical areas.A fungal infection affecting either the palms of the hands of soles of the feet. Typically occurs in female children and young adults.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11046-012-9568-1

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MORPHOLOGY:  Multiple chains of spores called conidia which originate from complexes known as conidiophores. The conidia have a blue/green colour and form a mould that is yellow
GROWTH CONDITIONS: P chrysogenum grow in subtropical regions but are most commonly found in damp, indoor environments where buildings may have been damaged by water.
KEY FEATURE: P chrysogenum is used in the production of antibiotics, most notably, penicillin. The mould of Penicillin is grown in a fermenter, where it produces penicillin.
JOURNAL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11046-009-9226-4

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MORPHOLOGY: spherically swollen phialides that are terminated with narrow necks bearing subglobose conidia.
GROWTH CONDITIONS: This fungi most commonly occurs in soil or leaf litter and is highly tolerant of lead. In 1996, it was found that T. inflatum is a stage in the life of the known fungi, Cordyceps subsessilis.
EFFECTS: T. inflatum produces the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine (which reduces risks of rejection after organ transplant).

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Candida abicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is common member of the human gut flora , it can survive in or outside the human body
MORPHOLOGY: Small, oval, measuring 2-4 µm in diameter. Yeast form, unicellular, reproduce by budding, both yeast and pseudo-hyphae are gram positive. Encapsulated and diploid, also form true hyphae, can form biofilms,80-90percent of cell wall is carbohydrate
GROWTH CONDITIONS:  Temperature:24 degrees centigrade to 26degrees centigrade
Atmosphere: Typical  aerobic
EFFECT / DISEASES: Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeast it is commonly found inside the body ,in places such as mouth , throat , 🤬 , although without causing any problems , but it can cause infection if it grows out of control or if it enters deep into the body for example bloodstream or internal organs. Candidiasis in the 🤬 commonly referred to as yeast infection
JOURNAL ARTICLE:https://microbenotes.com/candida-albicans/

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Typically found in soil and decaying organic matter
COLOUR: blue/grey colour on the surface but yellow/tan colour on the underneath.
MORPHOLOGY: conidial head, they produce spores of between 200 and 400 mm, smooth surface
GROWTH CONDITIONS: thermophilic organism (growth above 40 degrees) reason why it's so prevelant
DISEASE: Aspergillosis, infection of the lungs. Fungal fibres can form and clot the lungs and or sinuses
JOURNAL ARTICLE: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445318302792

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Morphology: The colonies grow very rapidly, they are dimorphic and characterised by the formation of septate hyphae and athroconidia.
Growth conditions: The presence of fine soil and silt has been the only common characteristic to the places where it is found.
Disease: coccidiodomycosis is air borne. The risk of infection is increased by outdoor activities and it is most common among people between the age of 35-70. the symptoms include cough, chest pain, fatigue, malaise and fever.
journal: https://jcm.asm.org/content/45/1/26

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Morphology: Monocellular organism with size ranging from 1.5-4.5 x 2.0-6.5 micrometres. Bottle shaped with small protrusion at end of cell. Malassezia is characterised by globose, oblong-ellipsoidal to cylindrical yeast cells. Reproduction is by budding
Growth Conditions: Lipid dependent

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morphology: Colonies are , slow growing, flat to wrinkled, woolly, cottony. Its diameter reaches to 1 to 2 cm in 2 to 3 week.
disease: paracoccidioidomycosis
cause by breathing in the fungi. Found in central and south America.
Growth condition:  mould forms at 25°C and in its yeast form at 37°C.

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Found in soil and bird droppings, Cryptococcal meningitis is a infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms gradually show within a few days to weeks, showing: headaches, stiff neck, confusion, etc. Fungal meningitis is not spread from person to person. Instead, an individual acquires cryptococcal meningitis when they inhale soil particles contaminated by bird droppings. The fungus first infects the body, spreads to the central nervous system, resulting in cryptococcal meningitis. it is a spherical, non-myceliated, non-fermenting fungal cell. contains small sized basidiospores that can turn into yeast cells. Can live in 37 degrees but can form dikaryotic hyphae that can live in 24 degrees.

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Morphology:

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Morphology: it is a thermally dimorphic fungus. it grows in mould form at 25°C, and in yeast form at 37°C. it is distributed worldwide(apart from Antarctica)and is usually associated with river valleys.
growth conditions: it is associated with ares where soil has come in contact with feacal matter , for example under bird cages.
Disease: histoplasmosis is a lung infection caused by inhaling histoplasma capsulatum fungal spores. The severity of the infection is dependent on the amount o conidia inhaled and the immune system of the individual that has been infected. The symptoms include but are not limited to fever, headaches, shortness of breath, cough and chest pain, enlarged spleen and liver etc.
journal: https://cmr.asm.org/content/20/1/115

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Effect: This fungi is the common cause of athlete's foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm an commonly form colonies on upper layers of dead skin.
Growth Conditions: Trichophyton can be cultured on Sabouraud agar Plates and incubated at room temperature around 22–30°C, and growth is observed at 5–10 days.
Morphology: The Fungus is described as multicellular, smooth, thin and thick walled and has a cylindrical shape. The Form is Rhizoid and the elevation is Corvex with a Curled margin.
The colony is mostly red, although some isolates appear more yellow/brown.
JOURNAL: https://jcm.asm.org/content/41/11/5298.short

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Morphology: Has two morphologies which includes yeast or hyphal. Hyphal are oval shaped and glass like in appearance. They may be colourless or darkly coloured. Yest morphology includes enlongated cigar shape and grow as off white colonies,
Growth Conditions: Grows at 37 degrees either in a laboratory or host cell if is yeast.
Effects: Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by Sporothrix. People acquire this infection by coming in contact with fungal spores in the environment. It occurs when the fungus enters the skin through a small cut or scrap.

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Ringworm is a common skin infection that is caused by a fungus. It’s called “ringworm” because it can cause a circular rash (shaped like a ring).
MORPHOLOGY: They are white and cottony on the surface. The colony underside is usually red, although some isolates appear more yellowish and others more brownish
GROWTH CONDITIONS: Warm, moist areas are favourable conditions for the growth of this fungi
EFFECTS: Skin Rash, Stinging Sensation On The Skin. Abnormal Peeling Of Skin, Blistering Of The Skin, Hives, Itching, Skin Inflammation ,Skin Irritation,Skin Redness
JOURNAL ARTICLE:https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/definition.html

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morphology: C. glabrata is a non-hyphae forming yeast. it's a member of the candida genus. the colonies usually appear small, convex, glassy and sphere. The colour differs based on the agar it's grown on.
Growth Conditions: C. glabrata is usually found in the GI tract of humans
pathogenicity:  C.glabrata is commonly pathogenic in elderly or immunocompromised people. it is most commonly known as the cause of Urinary infections but can cause more extreme infections like endocarditis, meningites and disseminated infections.
journal: http://www.hardydiagnostics.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Candida-glabrata.pdf

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morphology: C. auris  is a species of ascomycetous fungi of the candida genus. it was first discovered in the ear canal of a patient in tokyo thus the name auris (latin for ear). It forms smooth, shiny, whitish-gray, viscous colonies on growth media. It might exhibit multiple morphological phenotypes under different cultures conditions, including round-to-ovoid, elongated, and pseudohyphal-like forms.
Growth conditions: C. auris has not been detected in any other natural habitats apart from the human body where it is found
Pathogenicity: C. auris usually causes bloodstream infections. However it could also cause infections in the CNS, respiratory system and internal organs. it is also resistant to multiple .
journal: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670116303188

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morphology: Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus, or mold, that is used in East Asian.it is characterized by a round vesicle with extending conidial chains, which look like white and fluffy strands on the substrate that the fungi grows on.
growth conditions: A. oryzae grows best in areas with sufficient oxygen,   between 30 and 40 degrees celsius and with adequate moisture.
use: A. oryzae is used in solid-substrate cultivation,  a fermentation process used to make various different kinds of foods like soy sauce and vinegar. of all the species of the Aspergillus genus, A. oryzae is said to have the greatest potential of efficient enzyme production.
journal: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Aspergillus_oryzae

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morphology :  is an edible mushroom native to the grasslands in Europe and north america. microscopically it forms spores that are ellipsoid, smooth, thick walled and brownish in KOH.
growth conditions: Agaricus bisporus is a litter decomposing basidiomycete which naturally grows in forests and grasslands, however it can be grown anyway under the right conditions, which are: minimal light, moisture and a temperature with 23 to 30 degrees celsius.

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Penicillin works by indirectly bursting bacterial cell walls. They do this by acting directly on peptidoglycans, which play an essential structural role in bacterial cells.
Peptidoglycans create a mesh-like structure around the plasma membrane of bacterial cells, which increases the strength of the cell walls and prevents external fluids and particles from entering the cell.

When a bacterium multiplies, small holes open up in its cell walls as the cells divide. Newly-produced peptidoglycans then fill these holes to reconstruct the walls.

Penicillins blocks the protein struts  that link the peptidoglycans together. This prevents the bacterium from closing the holes in its cell walls.

Morphology: rapid growing, flat, filamentous, and velvety, woolly, or cottony in texture
Many hyphae (1.5 to 5 µm in diameter), simple or branched conidiophores, metulae, phialides, and conidia are observed.

Article: https://drfungus.org/knowledge-base/penicillium-species/