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Three Similarities

Both of these literary movements were started in the 19th century.

They aimed to describe life but not in the same way. They told a story.

These two movements discussed nature and the effects it had on people, whether it was good or bad.

Three Differences

Romanticism had more of a delightful and lovely mood to it while Realism had more of a blunt and darker mood.

Romanticism relies on fantasy and made up settings, events or characters.

Realism tries to portray life the way it is. No unrealistic components added. Only the raw truth.

Realism also usually end in a unhappy ending while romanticism tends to end happy.

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William Dean Howells, “Editor’s Study,” Harper's New Monthly Magazine (November 1889), p. 966.
Howells defines realism as the truth and only the truth.

Everett Carter, Howells and the Age of Realism (Philadelphia and New York: Lippincott, 1954)
Carter adds to Howell's definition. He emphasize on living with good moral and honest.

George Parsons Lathrop, 'The Novel and its Future," Atlantic Monthly 34 (September 1874):313 24.
Lathrop states "Realism sets itself at work to consider characters and events which are apparently the most ordinary and uninteresting, in order to extract from these their full value and true meaning." Lathrop goes deeper in defining realism as a concept to describe normal things as something interesting and meaningful.

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67y n bNaturalism is a literary movement that started in the nineteenth century. Naturalism relates to Realism and it claims to describe life and the environment exactly as it was. It would be about how the environment determines and influences human character.
Naturalism is related to realism because they both focus on real life unlike romanticism. They strip away all the fantasies and the unrealistic events. Naturalism differs from Realism because  it focuses on lower classes and less educated people and their problems. Realism cares more about the middle class.
The main focus of naturalist writers is to describe the lives and problems as realistically as possible in a more pessimistic way.

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What was the Industrial Revolution and how did it impact or influence Realism?

During the Industrial revolution, writers turned romanticism into realism. Realism wanted to portray how life truly is during this time.

How did the Civil War also impact or influence this literary time period?

The civil war expanded rail system and many occupational industries. There were also many deaths during the war. Most portraits and paintings would show a war with good results, but realists ideally wants to show the truth of death and gruesomeness of the war.

What was the Progressive Era and what was its impact on the literature during this time?

Naturalists were formed such as Emile Zola. These people relied on scientific findings to describe and reflect the insight of the era.

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Popular around 1865-1900
They mainly focus of reject social norms, common wisdom, and myths. They greatly focus of showing things as it is.

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Regionalism is literature that focuses on one specific setting and it imitates the language, behavior and attitudes of that region.
Regionalism is related to realism because they both write about life and different parts of peoples lives. Regionalism is different though because it focuses only on a specific region.
The main purpose of Regionalist writers is to portray the ordinary lives of the people living in a specific region. They strive to mimic the same behavior and attitudes of that region.