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The City Upon a Hill theory was one that believed the new Massachusetts colony would be a utopia where God would be found in scripture and strong work ethic.  The city, with John Winthrop behind the idea, would be a beacon of hope, and a place where people would look up to. The Puritans thus built institutions to learn the works of God and to become more educated. They believed that all people were predestined to be damned to hell or to be saved by salvation. The city was overall meant to be a model of Christianity for Europe to see in North America.

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Miller was an American Playwright and essayist who is most famous for his works such as The Crucible and Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller was most famous for refusing to give evidence at the Un-American Activities Committee. Miller was then accused of being a Communist along with thousands of other people. Arthur released a work titled "The Crucible" in order to compare the Salem Witch Trials to the Communist accusations in the situation he was in. Miller advised people to not repeat history as it will repeat itself.

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The witch trials in Salem were held because of the accusations of for "bewitched" girls.  The girls were thought to be bewitched by the townspeople and everyone around, so their word had to be true.  The girls would go on to accuse hundreds of people of witchcraft in 1962, including children and the elderly.  Many of the accused were held in jail for months without trial, so they were guilty until proven innocent.  Though many people were accused, only nineteen were hanged and one was pressed for denying trial.

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The puritans refers to a reform movement which took place in the church of England. The Puritans wanted to remove any remaining ideas of the Catholic Church, but King Charles disagreed. Anyone who did not comply with the Anglican church was ordered to be killed. This then lead to the persecution of all puritan people. After this persecution began, the Puritans moved to North America in hopes to be able to follow their religion without problem.

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The beginnings of witchcraft hysteria within Salem were crafted in a small household with four young women. The girls were mysteriously ill and acted out in ways people could only describe as works of the Devil. In reality, the girls were probably just physically and mentally sick. Since everyone in the puritan town believed in the Devil, this became the explanation for the case very quickly. The girls very quickly became well-known and every person in town believed their word to be true.