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Who - Much like the Knights of Labor, this is a group made up of people who were not happy about their jobs

What - Labor union that comprised of former Knights of Labor members

Where - Columbus, OH

When - Founded on December 8, 1886, and disbanded on December 4th, 1955.

Why - Instead of trying to reshape the fundamental institutions of American life, as some of the more radical union activists were trying to do, the American Federation of Labor focused on securing for its members higher wages, better working conditions, and a shorter work week.

Impact on Society - Much like the Knights of Labor, the AFL brought about discussions that would soon start to change the way that we worked, and pushed big businesses to care more about their workers instead of work them to the extremes.

The executive committee of the AFL:

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Who - People that technically didn't fall into the poverty category (despite the harsh conditions that they lived in that mirrored those of poverty) and also did not fall into the category of big business/factory owners (People with lots of money.)

What - Families/adults that worked and lived in cramped cities and usually worked under some major corporation.

Where - Major cities like New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleveland, etc..

When - late 1800's to early 1900's (specifically 1890's - 1920's)

Why - Big business ruled the cities during this time frame and needed people to work under them, and getting away from farming looked intriguing to some people, so they took the opportunity and left. But since this happened so quickly and so many people moved into such a small area so fast, cities had to compensate and quickly build low quality, cramped living spaces for the working class. (Tenements)

Impact on society - This time frame really started the era of urbanization and launched more and more people to moving into cities rather than living on rural farms. Today, populations are much much higher in small cities rather than in the middle of nowhere.

A young girl stands in the middle of a dirty, cramped factory.

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Who - Usually people in the working class/those that live in the cities

What - The rise of industry in the United States allowed more access to consumer goods than ever.

Where - Shops, general stores, department stores (like Macy's in New York), and even magazines (like the Sears catalog.)

When - turn of the century is when consumer culture started to really skyrocket

Why - Less and less people were working from home, so therefore more and more people were working in factories in big cities, and more and more things were able to be produced, which in turn means that more and more people turn to buying things rather than just living off of whatever they made/farmed.

Impact on society - Like previously mentioned, this time frame really boosted the use of consumer production since more and more people were in factories making consumer items like clothes. Because  of this boom, now a majority of the things in your home are a product of the Progressive Era.

The first Macy's store, located in New York City, New York.

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Who - This crisis effected everyone in some way, shape, or form.

What - The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that lasted from 1873 until around 1878. During this time period. the United States economic leadership was weakened, and as a result, some businesses had to shut down.

Where - Cities across the United States were the most heavily effected.

When - September 1873 - 1877

Why - A large number of things contributed to this, but one of the largest things was Jay Cooke and Company closing their doors. During this time, the economy was heavily centered around transportation/railroads, and so when this railroad centered firm shut down, chaos ensued.

Impact on society - I personally feel as though this economic mini-depression doesn't have that big of an impact on modern America. Maybe something that you could take from this is that as a country we learned to not base our economic system around one thing as much (that being transportation.) Like a "don't put all of your eggs in one basket" situation.

Panic of 1873 video:

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Who - Started out as a secret society of tailors in the year 1869, but kept growing and growing until its peak in the 1880's.

What - Knights of Labor is a labor union, which is an organized association of workers that formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

Where - Started out in Philadelphia but then spread out a bit.

When - Formed December 1869, hit its peak in the 1880's.

Why - Workers were not happy with their current conditions/lack of benefits, and banded together to fight for them (Most common being a shorter work day)

Impact on society - If it weren't for the Knights of Labor, the common work day of 8 hours would probably not be in effect right now.

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Who - Frederick Winslow Taylor developed it, and it was used on the factory workers at Ford,

What - Scientific Management is a system of tests on factory workers intended to maximize labor productivity and economic efficiency. It involved the rational analysis of workflows, and attempted to adjust the time and motion of workers’ activities so as to maximize their efficiency.

Where - Major factories like Henry Ford's Ford factory.

Why - Many workers slaved away in factories for much too long and thus their productivity level was not at its peak. Taylor saw this trend and decided to run tests to figure out how long the average person should work

Impact on society - These tests changed the way that we work in modern America. They are what created the common 9-5 job, and if it weren't for Taylor we still could be working upwards of 14 hour days.