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larry
The kingdoms in africa traded gold, glass beads and pottery with each other.

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Nubians used rock gongs in order to communicate with other villages and it was used for music and dancing. They also had temples called Deffufas where they would worship their gods.

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This ancient civilization had rock gongs for music for dancing, and for communication to other villages and they had building and walls made out of mud brick. The Nile River used to run through the area, the area used to be all green but it dried up over time and now the area is all desert.

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The people of Great Zimbabwe had a large city that had many passages. These passages could only be used by people of a certain class. They also traded gold with many other civilizations and a copper coin was found that came from one of the civilizations they traded with.

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Lance- The city of Jenne-Jeno had smiths that molded copper. These smiths were part of the caste systems in Mali. This city also had mud architecture that was used in many of their buildings.

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Part of a trading empire with an agricultural society, rich in gold, tremendous stone houses for the elites. Discoveries of foreign items are evidence of extensive trade.

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Great Zimbabwe- Elaborate architecture, located near the Swahili coast, used trading routes,

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There were many kingdoms in Africa that became great trading cities. Many of them traded gold, glass beads, and pottery. It extended all the way to the Middle East and India. In Zimbabwe, they traded massive amounts of gold and the higher ranking peoples lived in large stone walls, showing social divisions. People thought that these great walls could not be made by Africans, but they were.

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They had a rock gong as an instrument and communication. They had irrigation systems by the Nile River. Nubians also had a Deffufa that contained a temple where people worshipped their gods. Cattle represented wealth and the whole of their social world was cattle. They had pictorial representations and rock art for communication also.

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The people of Mali had created mosques and other buildings that are still standing today using the same building techniques, such as mud architecture that was used long ago. Masons that built these structures used to be slaves and would learn from apprentices.

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They had an advanced irrigation system by using the Niger River as well as organized cemeteries. They also traded by using the Niger River.

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Nubians had a bell/gong instrument that historians believed was a way to communicate with other cites of Nubia like the African drum language. They also had an effective form of making pottery that is still used today

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They were the center of a trade route. The worked on iron cresting tools and Jewelry that they traded. They also traded copper. Most of the buildings were made out of tauf or mud puddles. They had organized cemeteries, with large urns.

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I learned that they had a rock that made sounds, kind of like a gong to communicate with other Nubian people. The Nubians had their own way of creating pottery, they mixed in goat poop to help along with the clay to create jugs. The area was very green and wealthy due to the cattle and other resources they had. One of most important things around that area was the Deffufa, a large mud-wall building that may have been a temple long ago.

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I studied Nu

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Nubians developed an effective way of creating water pots that reduces evaporation and used rock gongs to communicate over long distances.

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Nubians developed an effective way of creating water pots that reduces evaporation and used rock gongs to communicate over long distances.

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Mali (Jenne-Jeno)
This city had advanced architecture in the form of mud and mud bricks. This was discovered from excavations. They became a center of trade. They also had a very diverse and large population, walls around the city for fortification, pottery, and also adopted the religion of Islam.

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Valerie- They had trade routes. Cities, large and elaborate architecture. They were rich in gold.  This was in Great Zimbabwe. All of this was built and kept in order by African people, which means they must have been "sophisticated" because they had many things everyone else did. They also used their resources to their advantage and had a class related social structure. 

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Valerie- They had trade routes. Cities, large and elaborate architecture. They were rich in gold.  This was in Great Zimbabwe. All of this was built and kept in order by African people, which means they must have been "sophisticated" because they had many things everyone else did. They also used their resources to their advantage and had a class related social structure. 