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The Construction of the Statue of Liberty

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The Construction of the Statue of Liberty

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In 1876 French sculptor, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, was assigned the task to designed sculpture for the United States in celebration for the 100th year anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

Both France and the United States determinedly worked hard to raise funds for the construction of the statue.

"The New Colossus," sonnet by Emma Lazarus was written to motivate the American people in artistic actions to donate money for the project.

1884- Statue was completed in France
1885- The Statue of Liberty was brought to American soil.

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"Painting from nature is not copying the object; it is realizing one's sensations."  - Paul Cezanne

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"In art, all who have done something other than their predecessors have merited the epithet of revolutionary; and it is they alone who are masters."      - Paul Gaugin

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"Love many things, for therein lies the true strength, and whosoever loves much performs much, and can accomplish much, and what is done in love is done well."
- Vincent Van Gogh

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"Great Things are done by a series of small things brought together."  -Georges Seurat

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1871-1914
A time of great peace and prosperity in both France and Western Europe.

The end of the Franco-Prussian war brought an end to another revolution and brought forth the establishment of the Third French Republic. This government was weak and did not last long but it brought a time of peace and tranquility among the French citizens.

The Second Industrial Revolution brought forth the production of steel, chemical compounds, and electricity, all which contributed to growing economy in France and Western Europe.
Advances in transportation, entertainment, sanitation, agriculture, and health brought sustancial changes that lead to a growing economy.

Very similar to the Gilded Age in America where they were experiencing an economic boom in the economy.

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1886

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1886

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January 9, 1839- October 22, 1906
Cezanne was a French self-taught artist taught primarily worked on the structure of landscapes and surfaces of images by using geometrical shapes.

Expressionism
The use of vivid colors and abstracted forms to create spiritually or psychologically intense works, while others focused on depictions of war, alienation, and the modern city. Artstory

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June 7, 1848 - May 8, 1903
A French post-impressionist painter, Gaugin was very interested in artistic styles of various parts of the world.
Synthetism
Artwork in which the artist focuses on color, line, and form of a painting to produce a powerful emotion of the subject matter.
1891 Gaugin abandoned his family and European culture to concentrate on his artwork completely.

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March 30, 1853 - July 29, 1890
Van Gogh was a Dutch self taught painter in which his artwork has been described as "powerful dramatic, lyrically rhythmic, imaginative, and emotional."
Van Gogh Gallery.
Japonisme
An influence of Japanese art on the European artistic style during the beginning of the 1880's.
Van Gough is widely known for his bright saturated colors, unique style of brush strokes, surface tension, and the formation of line in his images.

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"In the late 1880s, a group of young painters sought independent artistic styles for expressing emotions rather than simply optical impressions, concentrating on themes of deeper symbolism. Through the use of simplified colors and definitive forms, their art was characterized by a renewed aesthetic sense as well as abstract tendencies." THE MET

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December 2, 1859 - March 29, 1891

Seurat was a French painter widely known for the his development of the Pointillism,  a technique in which the artist uses numerous points or dots of various colors adjacent to one another to form an overall image.

Seurat wanted to change the overall focus of the impressionists. He wanted artist to put more emphasis on subject matter rather then argue how thick a brushstroke should be.

Neo-Impressionism
The act of improving impressionist paintings through color and form by using the pointillism technique.

Seurat sought to bring strong impressionist pieces of art that future surrealists have claim to be "eccentric and maverick"

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Synopsis

Post-Impressionism encompasses a wide range of distinct artistic styles that all share the common motivation of responding to the opticality of the Impressionist movement. The stylistic variations assembled under the general banner of Post-Impressionism range from the scientifically oriented Neo-Impressionism of Georges Seurat to the lush Symbolism of Paul Gauguin, but all concentrated on the subjective vision of the artist. The movement ushered in an era during which painting transcended its traditional role as a window onto the world and instead became a window into the artist's mind and soul. The far-reaching aesthetic impact of the Post-Impressionists influenced groups that arose during the turn of the 20 th century, like the Expressionists, as well as more contemporary movements, like the identity-related Feminist Art.

Key Ideas

Symbolic and highly personal meanings were particularly important to Post-Impressionists such as Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh. Rejecting interest in depicting the observed world, they instead looked to their memories and emotions in order to connect with the viewer on a deeper level.

Structure, order, and the optical effects of color dominated the aesthetic vision of Post-Impressionists like Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, and Paul Signac. Rather than merely represent their surroundings, they relied upon the interrelations of color and shape to describe the world around them.

Despite the various individualized styles, most Post-Impressionists focused on abstract form and pattern in the application of paint to the surface of the canvas. Their early leanings toward abstraction paved the way for the radical modernist exploration of abstraction that took place in the early-20 th century.

Critics grouped the various styles within Post-Impressionism into two general, opposing stylistic trends - on one side was the structured, or geometric style that was the precursor to Cubism, while on the other side was the expressive, or non-geometric art that led to Abstract Expressionism.

Beginnings

Impressionism and the Rise of Post-Impressionism

In 1872, Claude Monet radically altered the path of painting, ushering in a revolutionary mode of visual expression in which artists responded to their modern surroundings. This was achieved in the painting Impression, Sunrise (1872), in which Monet used each visible brushstroke to record exactly how the light from the sun fell upon the steamships and water below. The critic Louis Leroy derisively dubbed their style of painting "Impressionist" because of the visible brushstrokes, and unwittingly gave the group their collective identity. Although the core membership consisted of Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas, many other artists associated with the group. Among them was Paul Cézanne, who exhibited with the Impressionists during the 1870s and early 1880s.

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Post-Impressionism Overview Continues

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Post-Impressionism Movement, Artists and Major Works

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Van Gogh, Gauguin, Seurat, and Cézanne innovated Impressionism by infusing symbolism, optics, structure, and personal expression.

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"An artistic and literary movement that first emerged in France in the 1880s. In the visual arts it is often considered part of Post-Impressionism. It is characterized by an emphasis on the mystical, romantic and expressive, and often by the use of symbolic figures." Art Story