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does the case of oxana support nature of nurture. (2 examples)
Nurture- becuase these kids has no nurture and they didn't

Which language theory is supported by this view B.F. Skinner or Noam Chomsky
Skinner- learned through the environment

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Five stages of grief
-denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

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-Physical changes peak in 20s- slow decline
menopause- time of natural cessation of menstration
-slowed reactions
-woman outlive men by 3 years
Cognition- slowing of neural process
Alzheimer
-progressive and irreversible brain disorder
-characterized by a gradual degradation of memory and other brain functions
Crystalized intelligence
ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
increase with age
fluid intelligence
ones ability to reason fastly and abstactly
decrease during late adulthood

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G. Stanley Hall
"Storm and stress"
three key aspects
-conflict with parents
-mood disruptions
-risky behaviors
****not everyone goes through this***
Margaret mead
"easy transition"
not harsh and difficult but an easy move
Erikson
Identity vs role confusion
James Marcia
interview college kids and see their occupational goals, religious, political and value.
Identity Diffusion- sense of having no choices and unwilling to commit
Identity foreclosure- willing to commit to things and conform the the expectations of others
Identity moratorium- crisis, ready for choices but not sure
Identity achievement- commitment to an identity, resolved crisis

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David elkind
-imaginary audiance
- everybody is looking at me
-personal fable
-i'm invulnerable

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fostering independence
balance independence+connectedness

Responsivenesss         low         high
low                             uninvolved   authoritarian
high                           permissive    authoritative

Punishment
immediate obediance
adult models agression
aviod adult

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authoritarian
- parents impose rules and expect obedience
Permissive
- submit to children desires, make few demands, use little punishment
Authoritative
-demanding and responsive
-set rules and give reasoning
un-involved
limited time and energy

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Critical eriod :shortly after birth whan organism

stranger anxiety and attachment
Fear of strangers beginning around 8 months
an emotional tie found in young children
Ainswoth attachment styles
secure vs insecure
anxious-resistance insecure attachment- rage at mom when she returns
avoidance insecure attachment- may not notce mother is gone
Secure attachment- child becomes happy when the mother returns

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Critical periods: window of opportunity for learning a language: as aearly as 6 years old
Chomsky: language accuisition device: born with internal mechanism
Whorf: linguistic relativity hypothesis: language determines how we think

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Infancy+ childhood : sociocultural development

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Infancy+ childhood : sociocultural development

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why do kids play?
Self-teaching by trial and error
symbolic representations'

Piaget says- interaction with physical world overcome egocentrics &learning through first and

Vygotsky says- culture and education delaying immediate gratification practice self regulation- learn to think about own world
Social   developmetn theory-
interaction+cognitive development
learning--> development is enhanced with new tasks
scaffolding or cognitive apprentincship model
zone of proximal development (ZPD) help with others
consciousness is the product of scoialization

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<---- the moral ladder

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preconventional level: morality of self-interest: to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
Conventional: morality of law and social rules: to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Postconventional level: morality of abstract principles: to affirm agreed upon rights and personal ethical principles

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social development: Parent and child relationships

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social development: Parent and child relationships

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Basic trust- erik erikson
- a sense that the owrld is predictable and trustmorth
-major tast with early stages of life
- responsive careegivers
Self concept
-a sense of ones identity and personal worth.

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mental functioning depends on 2 biological processes
Assimilation- interpreting ones new expiriance in terms of ones exsisting schemas
accommodation- adapting current understanding to incorporate new information
4 stages

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infancy + childhood: cognitive deleopment

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infancy + childhood: cognitive deleopment

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Cognitive- all the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
Schema- a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

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rooting
swallowing
sucking
babinski- when foot is touched the big toe flexes up
stepping- when suspended with just feet touching the group they appear to walk
moro (startle)
grasping

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2A) 65   (75)
2B)20 (40)
3A) 8    (8)
3B) 10    (10)
1A) 47   (90)
1B) 3    (2)
4a) (teens)
4b) 40
5a)15
5b) 35
6a) 11
6b) 65
7a) 50
7b) 16

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laugh- 2 months
pedal a tricycle- 24 months
sit without suport- 5-6
feel ahammed 2 years
walk- 12 moths
stand on one foot for 10 seconds- 4.5
recognize and smile at mom or dad- 4 to 5 months
kick ball forward- 20 months
think about things that cannot be seen- 12 months
make a two word sentence- 20 to 22