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1. An electron transport chain  is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors.

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1. Chemical reactions used by aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy.

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1. The three-step bridge reaction converts pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA, an input to the citric acid cycle.

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Aerobic needs o2
Anaerobic doesn't need o2

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*If there is o2 the pyruvic acid will enter the mitochondria and under go the aerobic respiration.
* If there is no o2 the pyruvic acid will enter anaerobic pathways of fermentation.

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*glycolysis produces 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.
*glycolysis doesn't need oxygen to make energy.
*Without NAD+ the cell can't keep glycolysis going and ATP productions would stop.

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1. Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis
2. it helps clean the air because plants use the carbon dioxide in the air for photosynthesis and it also makes plants grow, providing food for animals that feed on plants.
3. When cells produce chemical energy in an anaerobic environment we cant breath it because we aren't plants.
4.  energy transformed and matter utilized by living things by cellular respiration.
5. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration role in recycling of carbon is they use it and keep using it.

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1. The transfer of energy in a ecosystem is the low rate of energy transfer.
2. An Autotroph is a producer
3. A Heterotroph is a consumer
4. Herbivore: an animal that feeds on plants. Omnivore: an animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal. Carnivore: an animal that feeds on flesh.
5. Decomposers: an organism  that decomposes organic material.
6. The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an ecosystem.
7. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level

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1. Cellular Respiration:  process that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
2.The products of photosynthesis are sugar and oxygen.
3.Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities.

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1. Law of Conservation of Matter: any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy.
2. Law of Conservation of Energy:  the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.
3. Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy: It implies that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be change from one form to another.
4. Energy is equal to matter because Energy is equal to matter multiplied by the speed of light squared.

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1. The reactants of photosynthesis are water, light and carbon dioxide, and the products are oxygen and sugars.
2. 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy= Photosynthesis
3.Chloroplast is a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
4.Light-Dependent Cycle is a  biochemical reactions in photosynthesis that require light energy that is captured by light-absorbing pigments  to be converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
5. The Calvin Cycle is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
6. Light energy is converted to chemical energy when a photo chemically excited special chlorophyll molecule of the photosynthetic reaction center loses an electron, undergoing an oxidation reaction.