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The International Association of Women Police

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The International Association of Women Police

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Law enforcement dates way back to the 1800's, surprisingly enough in just 45 years women were assigned duties at certain establishments and given badge numbers. The conflict for equality rose not from the fact that women were not hired, but for the fact that their work was more "desk work" than patrol and that men still held supremacy with more dutiful work not depending on physical capability. But, in the 1950's, after world war one, women began to push for what they knew they were capable of and to fight for promotions to compete against men to prove they could protect others and provide service, not depending on what sexual organ they were born with (Source three). This association brought forth to the public eye, the problem these woman found in how they were being treated as employees, "Finally, a major turning point occurred in 1968 when the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department assigned responsibility for Car 47 to the nation’s first female patrol officers, Elizabeth Robinson and Betty Blankenship." Source three continued to elaborate on the proclamation of understanding that woman had just as much strength and their own abilities only women could inquire on certain accounts, that led to the building and continuing of equality in the law enforcement field today, such as women being on patrol and having all abilities that men do.

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"During the 1820s and 30s, most states had extended the franchise to all white men, regardless of how much money or property they had." The campaign for the women's suffrage began even before the civil war. The quote is pertaining to the right to vote, the right to exercise your individual freedom under election. The breakthrough of that time was allowing men with less entitlement to vote, woman still were disregarded the ability to have a say in what they believed in. This is what formed and causes the Women's suffrage, which was the civil rights movement to gain woman right to vote. This executive right, only entailed to men, was definately a gender role. It brought out the greater meaning that men were superior and more capable of making decisions than women. During the civil war this movement was dead, the nation was dealing with much greater issues than how women felt. After the civil war the 15th amendment was added to the constitution, "the 15th, ratified in 1870, guarantees black men the right to vote.", which gave the right of voting to black men. Several antics were done by advocates like Susan B. Anthony, to make an argument that since black men could vote women should be able to also due to both of the parties lack of respect and authority. Through many more years of fighting, women finally gained what they were owed, the 19th amendment to the constitution which gave them the right to vote. "proved that they were just as patriotic and deserving of citizenship as men, and on August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was finally ratified." All evidence from this movement is cited as source five, and shows the gender role of men holding all power to make important decisions to be false.
https://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/progressiveera/suffrage.html

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The topic of Drag, also knows as being a "drag queen", can be looked over quickly as a silly topic not providing much historical evidence or product of interrogation. But, Drag can be dated back to the first plays performed on stage as the only form of entertainment, where men played women roles by wearing makeup, outfits, and hair that depicted feminine styles. Drag can be defined as the act of men wearing and doing their makeup to resemble a female for any form of entertainment. The obvious gender role was made that woman wore makeup and did their hair to capture attention of the nearby men (which can actually be found to not be entirely correct) , not the other way around "the well-to-do women of ancient Egypt wanted to look their best and saw the careful application of face-paint as a means to that end...It all goes back to the ancient Egyptians, who were the first women to wear makeup." Source four provides evidence for the fact that women began the trend of makeup to impress the gods, men were not applying makeup at all and were never thought to be doing so at this point in time. Moving along to Shakespearean time, his plays forced a new approach to getting dolled up, and would create a long and lasting affect on men forever. When more and more plays had all male crews, due to the lack of female rights at that time, the idea that men could too apply makeup and wear wigs to simulate a woman's presence was brought forward. Through time, men acquiring this act of difference grew to be the LGBT community which held a place for gays and transgenders. Drag was created through the history of continued plays and became something much bigger than it was conceived to become. Now men today participate in Drag shows, and wearing makeup day to day which back in history was actually a female dominant attribute and was only used to entertain others. In conclusion "The History Of Drag And The Royalty That Made It Famous" showed me the outcome of the small act of men wearing what they want "The veil of negative stigma and fear around the LGBTQ+ community is slowly being raised fThe topic of Drag, also knows as being a "drag queen", can be looked over quickly as a silly topic not providing much historical evidence or product of interrogation. But, Drag can be dated back to the first plays performed on stage as the only form of entertainment, where men played women roles by wearing makeup, outfits, and hair that depicted feminine styles. Drag can be defined as the act of men wearing and doing their makeup to resemble a female for any form of entertainment. The obvious gender role was made that woman wore makeup and did their hair to capture attention of the nearby men (which can actually be found to not be entirely correct) , not the other way around "the well-to-do women of ancient Egypt wanted to look their best and saw the careful application of face-paint as a means to that end...It all goes back to the ancient Egyptians, who were the first women to wear makeup." Source four provides evidence for the fact that women began the trend of makeup to impress the gods, men were not applying makeup at all and were never thought to be doing so at this point in time. Moving along to Shakespearean time, his plays forced a new approach to getting dolled up, and would create a long and lasting affect on men forever. When more and more plays had all male crews, due to the lack of female rights at that time, the idea that men could too apply makeup and wear wigs to simulate a woman's presence was brought forward. Through time, men acquiring this act of difference grew to be the LGBT community which held a place for gays and transgenders. Drag was created through the history of continued plays and became something much bigger than it was conceived to become. Now men today participate in Drag shows, and wearing makeup day to day which back in history was actually a female dominant attribute and was only used to entertain others. In conclusion "The History Of Drag And The Royalty That Made It Famous" showed me the outcome of the small act of men wearing what they want "The veil of negative stigma and fear around the LGBTQ+ community is slowly being raised from the public’s eyes".

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World war one was the fight of Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States against Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman empire. Needless to say, this fight was big and widespread and would effect everyone of every party. With such strong power, every man was needed of every age to fight. This left all females at home to run every job left open that still required assistance and attention. What had been primarily made of an all men work force, such as factory jobs and jobs requiring heavy equipment was now fully under female control, which was working out. This led to many acts led by woman to earn equal pay as men, due to the fact that they could provide the same service while the men are gone for war, with the same quality. Closer in history, the war could later be referenced as the engagement of women in the work environment as a starting point, which ceased the point that men could hold the only form of hard labor, so the role changed to be more equal. Source six justifies the analysis I just provided, "This led to women working in areas of work that were formerly  reserved for men,  for example as railway guards and ticket collectors, buses and tram conductors, postal workers, police, firefighters and as bank ‘tellers’ and clerks. Some women also worked heavy or precision machinery in engineering, led cart horses on farms, and worked in the civil service and factories...Women’s employment rates increased during WWI, from 23.6% of the working age population  in 1914 to between 37.7% and 46.7% in 1918 ". But, it must still be noted that as the war was freshly over and woman were making claims to be equally able to provide work as men, most people's views on this gender role was not affected for a long time after the time period.

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Sports. Something anyone can compete in today and also something male or female have the right to do. It wasn't always that easy, the first form of competitive sports were the Olympics ; these tests of strength and brawn were 100% male dominant at first. The Olympics games are the world's biggest sporting spectacle, holding competition for nation wide teams to prove their expertise in one of the many selections they offer. "In the 19th century, archaeological discoveries revived interest in the ANCIENT OLYMPICS. The Greeks tried to recreate the Games in Athens in 1859 and 1870. However, the major force behind the modern Olympics was the French aristocrat Baron de Coubertin (1863–1937). In 1894 he organized an international conference in Paris to support a revival of the Games." Source nine briefly described the background of the event, but obviously there is much more to be researched about where the Olympics originated. But, the male dominant role of competing in these highly popular events was changed in 1900 when a collective amount of 22 women competed in several events from tennis, sailing, croquet, and equestrian to golf. The view that woman could not be athletic, and only men held the role of competing at national level in athletics ended due to the widely spread competition.

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For as long as anyone can remember it can be accounted for that females and mothers carry the role of nurturing and taking care of the children. This is a more prominent gender role that can be explained more naturally by the way we humans are programmed, and taught through culture. When there was a statistic that more and more men were becoming stay at home dads, I was shocked. From Source seven, "While most stay-at-home parents are mothers, fathers represent a growing share of all at-home parents – 16% in 2012, up from 10% in 1989." Obviously these dads are not replacing stay at home moms, but the gender role of the woman being the only form of nurturing is becoming more equal. In fact, such a change in this statistic is thought to be coming from women, the wives of these men, out working males in the work environment. "The jobs that are being created now in the workplace are requiring a college education. Only 40 percent of college degrees are going to men versus 60 percent going to women" (source 8) ,which explains perfectly why woman are being taken more seriously from a professional standpoint. Either way, this gender roll can not be abolished but is being equaled.

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As discussed previously, women started off history as stay at home moms who were used as providing meals and cleaning while husbands were at work or at war. This is where the early gender role that women did all of the cooking originated, but today we live in more of a male dominant cooking world. Some of the best chefs are now male, but where did this come from? Source 11 brings the facts, "Men of this time were accustomed to the women of the house, or female slaves, preparing the food. For a male army soldier, cooking was a completely foreign concept. Thrust into the bleak reality of war, soldiers were forced to adjust to a new way of life—and eating—on the battlefield." this quote is speaking on the fact that while men were away being soldiers they were fed the same raw, and gross diet daily. The soldiers were done with eating the trash so they self taught how to prepare several basic meals. When they returned home many soldiers needed to find jobs they had former experience in, to compete with women, so the culinary industry was soon snowballed into a male dominant industry over the spread of several years. "women account for approximately 20 percent of respondents to the American Culinary Federation's 2011 salary survey. Surveys in 2010 and 2011 by StarChefs reported similarly low numbers, with 396 female respondents in 2011 compared to 1,325 men." This series of events is still prominent today, the number of male chefs is much greater than female chefs in more recent studies.

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This movement was crucial for women to have their voice heard, through other forms then just vocal chords. This movement changed the gender role made that woman would continue to be submissive while male dominance held key, stripping the female individual from any type of equality. This movement was made to do everything except silence all feminists fighting, "Feminist artists sought to change the world around them through their art, focusing on intervening in the established art world, the art historical canon, as well as everyday social interactions." (Source ten) Many different styles of art, such as videography and painting was used to express the dire need for equality. Over time, this led into the transition of activist art in the 1980's. This was the basis of all feminism, which is still present today in fighting for the complete equal rights of all woman and all men. For the time being, this movement had a long and lasting effect we can conclude from nowadays government that provides equal rights to both genders. All evidence is in today's society.

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The previous gender role was that only men were capable of containing an education and leaving the house everyday to earn a living. But, the first college of women's higher education to provide equal forms of qualification such as granting a female a degree was the Wesleyan charter college. This component was crucial to the list, it was the whole entire start of granting women the fair labeling that could lead into society as a whole giving the female gender an equal shot as men in competing in the work field. From source 12, "As the first college in the world chartered to grant degrees to women, Wesleyan was founded on December 23, 1836; classes began January 7, 1839 with 90 students; our first baccalaureate degree was awarded on July 16, 1840, to Catherine E. Brewer" This quote was the basis of my understanding that everything we as females own today, regarding equal rights, came from once not having that same legal justice. Without the Wesleyan college starting the movement, which in rebuttal caused sister charter schools to do the same, we wouldn't be able to say when women began earning the rights they deserve. Today a woman can earn a degree by choice, and attending the required courses. We have this college to thank for that.

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1. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/sociology/sex-and-gender/gender-roles
"Gender Roles." Gender Roles. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. This site was used to find general information on what a gender role is for my overview section.
2.http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/15910/1/List-of-Gender-Stereotypes.html
"List of Gender Stereotypes." HealthGuidance.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. This source also helped in the overview section with providing stereotypical gender roles, we are born with.
3.https://www.policeone.com/police-history/articles/8634189-Police-History-The-evolution-of-women-in-American-law-enforcement/
"Police History: The evolution of women in American law enforcement." PoliceOne. N.p., 30 June 2015. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. Here I found information on women in the workforce of protection.
4.http://www.neatorama.com/2014/05/22/Why-Did-Women-Start-Wearing-Makeup/
Cellania, Miss, Dana Seilhan, Astrid Sicola, and Mary Ann Summers. "Why Did Women Start Wearing Makeup?" Neatorama. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. I was able to use this source to find information on why women began to predominately wear makeup instead of men.
5.http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage
History.com Staff. "The Fight for Women’s Suffrage." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. Source five gave me all research on the women's suffrage.
6. http://www.striking-women.org/module/women-and-work/world-war-i-1914-1918
"Striking Women." World War I: 1914-1918 | Striking Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. This taught me about the basis of world war 1.
"Changing lives: gender expectations and roles during and after World War One." The British Library. The British Library, 09 Dec. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. This is a conjunction with the previous source because they were both used for the same item.
7. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/06/05/growing-number-of-dads-home-with-the-kids/
Livingston, Gretchen. "Growing Number of Dads Home with the Kids." Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project. N.p., 05 June 2014. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. This site provided the statistic I used.
8. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-future-of-men-jack-myers-traditional-gender-roles-new-world-jodi-kantor/
News, CBS. ""The Future of Men" explores evolving gender roles." CBS News. CBS Interactive, 01 Mar. 2016. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. Source 8 gave me information on the reason men are having a hard time competing for jobs.
9. http://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/olympics.html
"OLYMPICS." Fact Monster from Information Please. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. Here I learned what the Olympics initially are.
10. http://www.theartstory.org/movement-feminist-art.htm
"Feminist Art Movement, Artists and Major Works." The Art Story. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. This gave me information on the feminist movement and what it originated from.
11. http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/civil-war-cooking-what-the-union-soldiers-ate/
Avey, Tori. "Civil War Cooking: What the Union Soldiers Ate." PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, 21 Sept. 2012. Web. 06 Mar. 2017.
http://woman.thenest.com/male-vs-female-chefs-13189.html
Writer, Leaf Group. "Male Vs. Female Chefs." Woman. The Nest, 20 Feb. 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2017. Both of these sources were used for the same fact.
12.http://www.wesleyancollege.edu/about/We-Have-History-Home.cfm
"Our History." We Have History Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2017.

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1. The international association of women police
http://www.theiacp.org/DesktopModules/ImageSlider/UploadedImages/MembershipFinal.jpg
2. The drag photo
http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/queens-and-queers-rise-drag-ball-culture-1920s
3. World War One photo
http://www.strikingwomen.org/module/women-and-work/world-war-i-1914-1918
4. The 1900 games of olympics
http://www.striking-women.org/module/women-and-work/world-war-i-1914-1918
5. Stay at home dads
http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/06/05/growing-number-of-dads-home-with-the-kids/st-2014-06-05-stay-at-home-dads-01/
6. Men chefs
https://www.colourbox.com/image/asian-chefs-in-restaurant-kitchen-cooking-image-9116221
7. Feminism movement photo
http://m.theartstory.org/movement-feminist-art.htm
8. Women's higher education
http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=i297