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The foundations of the Sikh Empire can be traced to as early as 1707, the year of Aurangzeb's death and the start of the downfall of the Mughal Empire. With the Mughals significantly weakened, the Sikh army, known as the Dal Khalsa, a rearrangement of the Khalsa inaugurated by Guru Gobind Singh, led expeditions against them and the Afghans in the west. This led to a growth of the army which split into different confederacies or semi-independent misls.

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WHY DID THE SIKHS REVOLT AGAINST MUGHALS?

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WHY DID THE SIKHS REVOLT AGAINST MUGHALS?

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The Mughal rulers turn against the Sikhs in India because the then Mughal emperor Aurangzeb angered the Sikhs by executing the ninth guru of Sikhs, named Guru Tegh Bahadur along with his five followers, it was done because they denied to accept Islam as their religion.
Another reason why the
Sikhs revolted against Mughals is the execution of Sardar Banda Singh Bahadur who was a Sikh military commander who established a Sikh state with capitol at Lohgarh. He led a revolt against the Mughals after the assassination of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. He was captured and executed during the reign of Farrukh Siyar on 9th June 1716.

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Jathas generally refers to the sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy ,later known as Misl ,that rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the indian subcontinent and is cited as one of the causes of the weakening of the Mughal Empire prior to Nader Shah invasion in india. Their combined forces were known as Dal Khalsa.

Dal Khalsa was the name of the combined forces of 12 misls that operated in the 18th century (1735–1780) in the Punjab region which was founded by Nawab Kapur Singh.
Their capital was Amritsar where they used to meet at the time of Baisakhi and Diwali  to take collective decisions known as "resolutions of the Guru" known as Gurmatas .A Gurmata (literally, guru's intention) is an order paon a subject that affects the fundamental principles of Sikh religion and is binding upon all Sikhs. This was the time when a new system known as Rakhi was introduced. Rakhi system was a new system introduced by the Sikhs in the eighteenth century. Under this system, protection was provided to the cultivators against external aggression on the payment of a tax of 20 percent of the produce.

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BATTLES FOUGHT BY SIKHS AGAINST MUGHALS.

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BATTLES FOUGHT BY SIKHS AGAINST MUGHALS.

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Battles fought by Sayyid Haider Khan

1. Battle of Ha'ar

Battles fought by Guru Hargobind Sahib ji

1. Battle of Rohilla (1621)

2. Battle of Amritsar (1634)

3. Battle of Hargobindpur

4. Battle of Gurusar

5. Battle of Lahira.

6. Battle for Maham.

7. Battle of Padiala

8. Battle of Kiratpur

Battles fought by Guru Har Rai ji

1. Battle of Barnala

2. Siege of Kiratpur Sahib

3. Second Siege of Kiratpur Sahib

4. Third Siege of Kiratpur Sahib

Battles fought by Guru Tegh Bahadur ji

1. Battle of Kartarpur

Battles fought by Guru Gobind Singh ji


Mughal supported Katoch-Sikh wars

1. Conflict with Bhim Chand

2. Battle of Bhangani

3. Khazada Rustan Khan's Campaign

4. Battle of Guler (1696)

5. Battle of Nadaun

6. Mughal Sikh Wars

7. Hussain Khan's Campaign

8. Prince Muzzam's campaign

9. Battle of Basoli

10. Battle of Anandpur (1700)

11. First Battle of Anandpur (1704)

12. Second Battle of Anandpur

13. Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)

14. Battle of Satluj

15. Battle of Shahi Tibbi

16. Battle of Sarsa

17. Battle of Chamkaur (1704)

18. Battle of Muktsar

19. Battle of Khidrana

Battles fought by Sahibzaada Ajit Singh

1. Battle of Taragarh

2. Battle of Bassi Kalan


Battles fought by Bhai Dharam Singh

1. Battle of Jajau

Battles fought by Banda Singh Bahadur

1. Battle of Sonepat(1709)

2. Battle of Bhoona

3. Battle of Samana

4. Battle of Ghurram

5. Battle of Kapuri

6. Battle of Mukhlispur

7. Battle of Chappar Chiri

8. Siege of Sirhind

9. Battle of Sadhau

10. Battle of Rahon (1710)

11. Battle of Jalalabad (1710)

12. Battle of Thanesar (1710)

13. Battle of Lohgarh

14. Battle of Jammu

15. Siege of Gurdaspur or Battle of Gurdas Nangal

Battles fought by Baghel Singh

1. Battle of Delhi (1783)

2. Battle of Ghanaur

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Founder of Dal Khalsa

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The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh misls.It was the last major region of the Indian subcontinent to be annexed by the British Empire.

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The most important development which took place during the period of Misals was the introduction of the rakhi system which sowed the seeds of the Sikh political authority in the land. In the early stages, the rakhi or protection was sought by the people from the Sikhs and later, to bring more territories under the rakhi system, the offer of rakhi was made to the people of the towns and villages of Punjab and was actively pursued by the Sikhs, as a regular feature of their activities. The word rake means 'protection' and in practice, it was a tribute received by the Sikhs for the protection provided or guaranteed by them against external aggression to the people paying it. The circumstances which led to the creation of this system were correlated with the rise of the Sikhs power.

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The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinents, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh  misls. After the death of Ranjit Singh, the empire was weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. Finally, by 1849 the state was dissolved after the defeat in the Anglo- Sikh wars. The Sikh Empire was divided into four provinces: Lahore, in Punjab, which became the Sikh capital, Multan, also in Punjab, Peshawar and Kashmir from 1799 to 1849.