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apart from good taste it encountered a huge response in valentine edition in clg students, youngsters and  dairymilk silk became a symbol of love.

It is probably true that advertising has skillfully reinforced the connection between chocolate and love but it is also true that very few things go together like chocolate and Valentine's Day. Of course, nobody knows that better than Mondelez India, the manufacturers of the Cadbury range of chocolates.

The FMCG conglomerate believes that Cadbury Silk is the best chocolate money can buy. In the words of Prashant Peres, director marketing (chocolates), Mondelez India, "We believe Silk is all about romancing a product."

Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk recently announced the launch of its new special edition pack with a heart pop, which urges consumers to not hold back from expressing their love, this Valentine’s Day.

https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/this-valentines-day-cadbury-dairy-milk-silk-wants-you-to-pop-your-heart-out-literally/62832257

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IKEA’s case, the target customers are young buyers who would like to decorate their homes with beautiful and smart products with the lowest budget possible and without sacrificing quality.

Unlike other furniture stores, IKEA’s products are arranged based on rooms of the home rather than the type of the product. This helps consumers see different options and choose products that fit with each other in a low price range.

One way Ikea researchers get around this is by taking a firsthand look themselves. The company frequently does home visits and—in a practice that blends research with reality TV—will even send an anthropologist to live in a volunteer’s abode. Ikea recently put up cameras in people’s homes in Stockholm, Milan, New York, and Shenzhen, China, to better understand how people use their sofas.
What did they learn? “They do all kinds of things except sitting and watching TV,” Ydholm says. The Ikea sleuths found that in Shenzhen, most of the subjects sat on the floor using the sofas as a backrest. “I can tell you seriously we for sure have not designed our sofas according to people sitting on the floor and using a sofa like that,” says Ydholm.

https://www.designorate.com/ikea-sustainable-design-strategy-part2/amp/#aoh=16016265534635&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&_tf=From%20%251%24s
https://elezea.com/2015/03/ikea-ucd/

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In this 21 Century being healthy became a great important to many people. Auric drinks are 100% natural blends of tender coconut water, ayurvedic herbs and fruit juice. Auric drinks are vegan. No Preservatives. No Chemicals.
Getting a product without any harsh chemicals and preservatives became difficult to every one.With keeping this in mind auric made some drinks which are free of chemicals and preservatives .

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Hector Beverages was founded in 2009 by Neeraj Kakkar. The Paper Boat brand was launched in 2013. Before launching it, Hector Beverages launched 'Frissia', a protein drink, followed by the energy drink 'Tzinga' in 2011.
So basically Neeraj, James Nuttall, Suhas Misra, and Neeraj Biyani ,saw that the traditional drinks like 'JAL JEERA',etc becoming obsolete as these traditional drinks were not readily available everywhere. They were also becoming as obsolete because of readily packed drinks like Maaza , Frooti, Pepsi ,Coco Cola, etc. Neeraj and his co-founders, were aware of the fact that Indians did not have any option for traditional drink but to choose the foreign packed drinks. So they decided to do a public survey, for which the results came out to be that the Indian public would like to have a traditional drink on the go. This is the reason Neeraj and his cofounders decided to make packed Indian traditional drinks. As the product came into the market, people started loving it. Its was so readily available that people could drink PAPER Boat while they are travelling. Currently , the Indian packaged juice market is valued at INR 1,100 Cr.
The reason behind their success of the Paper boat company is that they understood the need of the people and took a necessary decision with the available necessary resources.
Source:-https://startuptalky.com/paperboat/#:~:text=Paper Boat - History And Launch,-The idea for&text=Commercial production of ethnic Indian,up with the increasing demand.

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Voice assist tech (Prakruthi Rao - ECE18114)

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Voice assist tech (Prakruthi Rao - ECE18114)

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Products like Amazon Alexa , Apple Siri and Google Assistant are products that completes tasks with just a voice command. Here there's no need for screens or visuals for the user to understand the response. It can be used by almost anyone and everyone due to the ease of use and convenience .
This human centered design keeps adapting to changes ( using its ml algorithms ) helps user and obtains info/ executes tasks almost immediately. Not only that these can also be paired up with other things like smart home devices and utilities.

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When the whole world is becoming digital why not art. My personal experience with digital art has been difficult. First drawing it physically then trying to find someone who knows photoshop to get a digital form of it. to make it easier came in the graphic tablets which give us the freedom of drawing just like we draw on paper. the pen used in this is easy to hold and easy to use. The best part is we neednot depend on someone to get our work into digital form. In the beginning it took me some time to get used to it but the features and easy to handle design made it easy for me. xp pen artist in particular is cheaper and a well designed product. it is thin and light weight. The corners are smooth and it has a sensitive pen which doesnt effect the screen as well as the drawing. the eraser attached to the pen makes it easier as we are used to pencils with an eraser attached.these graphic pads are easy to use, fun to learn and great to work with. source- my experienceshttps://www.xp-pen.com/product/60.html

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When the whole world is becoming digital why not art. My personal experience with digital art has been difficult. First drawing it physically then trying to find someone who knows Photoshop to get a digital form of it. to make it easier came in the graphic tablets which give us the freedom of drawing just like we draw on paper. the pen used in this is easy to hold and easy to use. The best part is we need not depend on someone to get our work into digital form. In the beginning it took me some time to get used to it but the features and easy to handle design made it easy for me. XP Pen artist is currently the best product if we consider the budget, as it is competing with with Wacom which is known to be the best graphics designing pad but pricey. This product  in particular is relatively low in cost and a well designed product for professionals . It is thin and light weight. The corners are smooth and it as a medium drawing area which is what a professional looks for. The eraser attached to the pen makes it easier as we are used to pencils with an eraser attached. These graphic pads are easy to use, fun to learn and great to work with.

source- my experiences and
https://www.xp-pen.com/product/60.html
https://www.pixpa.com/blog/best-drawing-tablets

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This biscuit is consumed by people from every strata of society; from a person sitting in an urban high rise to a person in the smallest of towns. It is also the only brand that is easily available at places like a village of 100 people near the LoC. Let's look into the story this biscuit has to say.

Parle’s first product was an orange candy that was soon followed by other confectioneries and toffees. However, it was only 10 years later that it began its biscuit making operations. This was done in an attempt to promote indigenous goods as a part of Swadeshi Movement. Even as the bugle for World War II was sounded in 1939, the company baked its first biscuit.

Back then, only the royalty used to eat biscuits. It was to counter this trend that Parle Products launched Parle Gluco as an affordable source of nourishment for the common masses. Made in India, meant for Indian palates and accessible to every Indian, the humble biscuit quickly became popular with the public. It was also much-in-demand by the British-Indian army during World War II.

The packaging clicked with the biscuit’s target audience — kids and their mothers. And also in 1982, Parle Gluco was repackaged as Parle G, with the ‘G’ standing for glucose, of course.

Now this is definitely a human centric approach of a company to establish its brand. This approach of designing the product by keeping the targeted audience in mind is the key reason for Parle - G 's success. A success so much so that there are 400 million Parle-G biscuits that are produced daily, and if a month’s production of the biscuits is stacked side by side, the distance between the Earth and the Moon can be covered!!

Source : https://www.thebetterindia.com/118788/parle-g-story-mumbai-chauhan-glucose-biscuit-swadeshi-movement-india/

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The bicycle now we see rolling down the street is not the one first it looked like. First there were no pedals to it. Here is the story for making bicycle
In April, 1815, a giant volcano blasted in Indonesia which spread it’s volcanic dust throughout the Earth. The dust reached Britain, and the dust covered the sky of Britain for 12 months.

As the sky was filled up with gray smoke, the rays of Sun didn’t reach the ground. A small ice age started. Temperature decreased. Food got over. No crop could be planted without the Sun.

So, people started eating animals. Cats, Dogs etc. Then came the turn of the Horses. After Horses got finished in Britain, they had no way of transportation. Year was 1816, so no other mode of transportation was there.
so for the need of people transportation Karl Drais  thought of a device so that instead of walking for hours they can cover more distance by riding.
So he invented a Velocipede (which later became a Bicycle).  initially it didn't have pedals they used to move it with their legs later on it got improved.

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INVENTION OF QWERTY (K.S.N ARAVIND EEE18025)

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INVENTION OF QWERTY (K.S.N ARAVIND EEE18025)

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let us begin with typewriters. in 1714 Englishman Henry Mill filed a patent that could print the letters on a paper. it was a kind of a typewriter but it wasn't recognized at that time. later in 1808 Italian Pellegrino Turri made a machine for his blind friend Countess Carolina Fantoni da Fivizzano, so that he could type. this was the beginning of the typewriter. later in this 19-century typewriter proved to be an important machine and everyone was getting used to it.it became a very popular productive tool and the users also found it very helpful. there was one problem with that typewriter that is that when someone types two successive letters at a time or with rapidly with very less time gap then the keys used to be jammed and the owners used to go to a lot of process for removing the cartilage and jammed keys. this made their productivity decrease by many folds. all the users had requested to bring some change to avoid this problem. this was a big problem for the typewriters manufacturers and wanted to get a solution for this. Christopher Latham sholes a cofounder of Sholes & Glidden TypeWriter was also trying to find a solution to this problem. then he was trying to ways with the arrangement of the keys. in this procedure, he founded the QWERTY patter of the keyboard. though this was sold to the Remington. they successfully commercialized it and modified it in such a way that it could give the same productivity after getting used to it for some time. the first generation still had its problems and the users complained and the sales were also very less. after a revamp the second-generation product was a huge hit and its success could even be seen after 144 years.
REFERENCES:
https://www.cnet.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-qwerty-keyboard/

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Mandy Haberman was not particularly involved with the business of invention or innovation until the birth of her third child, Emily. Emily was born with Stickler syndrome, a genetic disorder that impaired her sucking ability and made feeding difficult. Finding no helpful products available, Haberman applied her talent for problem solving and began to think about a feeder to meet the needs of Emily and other children with sucking difficulties. Ten years later, Visiting the home of another parent and watching their children spill blackcurrant juice from a training cup over the carpet, inspired Mandy Haberman into action to solve the problem of leaky toddlers’ beakers.Training cups at that time had to be closed manually. She set about designing a leak-proof trainer cup that sealed between sips. Not only does it eliminate spillage but the design also protects growing teeth by allowing a flow of juice only when the child sucks and swallows.

“All my inventions have begun with the identification of a problem that needs solving.”- Said Ms. Haberman.
In the beginning, selling the Anywayup cup through major points of sale, such as supermarkets, was difficult due to their reluctance in dealing with a one-product company. This, however, did not stop Ms. Haberman and her team from using their creativity to convince the chief buyer of a major British supermarket chain to take a chance.The team decided to show the buyer the product’s ingenuity by sending her an Anywayup cup filled with blackcurrant juice and a note stating, “If this reaches you without spilling, give us a call!” It did not spill. The product reached store shelves within a few weeks and sales began to soar. In later models of the Anywayup Cup, the plastic was made semi transparent to reveal the liquid level.
Referred links :
1) A Book called
"1001 Inventions That Changed The World Since 26,00,000 BCE"

2)https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=903
3)https://habermanbaby.com/suckle-feeder/browse-by-brand/anywayup

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When gone mad tried different flavors they failed

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Gone mad was most loved chocolate when it was in the market

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The seed of redbus sown on the entrepreneurial ground when Phanindra Sama trying to travel from Bangalore to Hyderabad for Diwali vacation in 2005. He could not get a bus ticket to travel to his home town. He wandered around the Bangalore for a ticket. But he didn’t get. That day he came to know the disorganization in the system and communication gap between bus operators and travel agents. There is no translucent on available seats and price of the ticket. And everything was done there is through phone calls and for return tickets, need to go to the agents every time.

He believed that it could be solved through online. Then he discussed with his friends and three of them together decided to enter the realm of the entrepreneurial ground even though they didn’t have entrepreneuri al bug initially.

user feedback
Journey with red bus is excellent, booking process is easy .Great Staff service,Punctiality,Bus Quality

https://www.tvisha.com/blog/redbus-success-story

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Ferruccio Lamborghini, born in 1916, served as a mechanic during the WWII and started to build tractors soon after the war had ended. His tractor company became one of the largest agricultural equipment manufacturers in Italy, so Ferruccio Lamborghini could afford himself dozens of luxury cars such as a Maserati, Mercedes-Benz, and Alfa Romeo

Lamborghini faced the problem that his Ferraris were much more repurposed track cars than (what Lamborghini hoped they were) regular road cars. At first, he started to approach this problem by making Ferrari suggestions how he could improve his sports cars, but after Ferraris negative feedback
he developed his very own vision.
The vision to create the perfect sports car that is not a repurposed track car, but a normal road car.
This mixture of ambition and encouragement has allowed Ferruccio Lamborghini to found the Lamborghini brand, which manufactures sports cars from the 60´s up to the present day.
source http://www.dailytenminutes.com/2013/05/story-of-lamborghini-and-ferrari.html

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Before handy fitness trackers, we would have to self estimate how many calories we burn and find inner motivation to work out and be active.
The invention of fitness trackers like FITBIT is undeniably human centric as it tackles the very humane problem of not finding an effective way to tracking and maintaining fitness goals. These products customizable for each person tells the user their daily step counts, calories burnt, heart rate, blood pressure and even allows user to set daily goals and measures what percentage of it is achieved.
Fitbit was founded in early 2007 by Park and Friedman who saw the potential for using sensors in small wearable gadgets.
There were problems with the design and the technology initially - for example the antenna wouldn't work properly but it became a success eventually and are now sold in millions world wide. Another major issue they tackled with was with respect to data security.
it turned out that users who recorded their sexual activity (in terms of time spent, not what they spent the time doing) were unwittingly sharing that information with the world, and with Google.

Fitbit realized that "share all my stuff with everyone" wasn't the best default option, and it changed its site so that user information would be private by default. Stand-alone fitness trackers were iPods in a world moving to iPhones.

One of the problems of being an innovator is that you can end up at the forefront of issues you might not have considered, and in the case of Fitbit one of those issues is privacy.

Health data recorded by Fitbit isn't legally protected in the way normal medical records are, and that means Fitbit's data can be subpoenaed by the relevant authorities.

One of the key reasons for their continuing success is that the brand keep investing in new technologies and designs to make their product more user friendly.

Sources : https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/human-centered-design
https://www.wareable.com/fitbit/story-of-fitbit-7936#:~:text=Fitbit%20was%20founded%20in%20early,board%20in%20a%20wooden%20box.

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Habituating More Natural and Healthy Lifestyle.

It is a business miracle of sorts with a mission to make India an ideal place for the growth and development of Ayurveda and anything natural for the rest of the world.
The products and their good quality becomes major buying motive among customers.
Actually first he thought to remind the importance and the frugal advantages of the Ayurvedic Science to all the countries.

After observing the customers interest in buying the personal care products, few groceries and the food items. They launched the natural products and spread them along with the number of stores across the country and the world. Every town has at least one store in India.
Products from Patanjali include

Foods

beverages

cleaning agents

personal care products

Ayurvedic medicine

Fashion

All the age group people are happy with the products and their quality , as they experienced the results from the results after using them.

SOURCE
Its a journal: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2278533718800860

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When the whole world is becoming digital why not art. My personal experience with digital art has been difficult. First drawing it physically then trying to find someone who knows photoshop to get a digital form of it. to make it easier came in the graphic tablets which give us the freedom of drawing just like we draw on paper. the pen used in this is easy to hold and easy to use. The best part is we nednot depend on someone to get our work into digital form. In the beginning it took me some time to get used to it but the features and easy to handle design made it easy for me.
xp pen artist in particular is cheaper and a well designed product. it is thin and light weight. The corners are smooth and it has a sensitive pen which doesnt effect the screen as well as the drawing. the eraser attached to the pen makes it easier as we are used to pencils with an eraser attached.
these graphic pads are easy to use, fun to learn and great to work with.

source- my experiences
https://www.xp-pen.com/product/60.html

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Rubik's Cube (Sumukh - BL.EN.U4ECE18153)

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Rubik's Cube (Sumukh - BL.EN.U4ECE18153)

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IsErno Rubik, a professor from Budapest In Hungary, wanted to help his students understand three-dimensional problems. The search for that led to the birth of what we now call asThe Rubik’s Cube! Erno created the first working prototype of the cube in 1974.
Erno's, prototype Cube did things that the world hadn’t seen before. It twisted and turned and yet it didn’t break, this caught the attention of the masses. It took him around month to solve it for the first time.
The  cube was demonstrated at a variety of international toy fairs, including London, Paris and New York. In September 1979, the puzzle was spotted in Nuremberg by toy specialist Tom Kremer, who could immediately see the power and potential of the Cube. Tom Kremer’s vision was to commercialize the Cube and sell it to the world; he negotiates and signs a worldwide distribution license.
This is where it all started and as of today it is one among the most sold product and the most sold toy in the world. It attracts people from all walks of life as the children find its colours attractive, adults try to solve it to test their skills and the elderly use it as a leisure product that is to pass time.
These are some of the reasons it is super popular and it's still going strong.......
Source: https://www.rubiks.com/en-eu/about
In the picture: Enro Rubik with his invention: The Rubik's Cube

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Graphic cards that yield the power of xbox and other consoles in laptops.

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Pepsico’s design team analyzed how people are using their products. And they found out most people prefer to eat neat and clean. They want to have the last chip in that packet but they are not ready to dump all that small cracked chip into their mouth.
They created a vertical and round bottom can with a tray, so the user can take out the tray whenever they need a snack and put it back in after use. The package also comes with a reusable cap. So the user can store it anywhere.

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We all have done some or the other kind of shopping online and we all are familiar with the name AMAZON. The company, which now generates over $61 Billion in Revenue and holds the title as the world’s largest  online retailer, was started out of Bezos’s garage at 30 years old.

The company was founded as a result of what Jeff Bezos in 1994 in garage of his rented home. At 30 years old, he began to see the internet revolution take place, and made the decision to quit his job and start an internet company.

The company started of with the selling of the books. Bezos wanted books to be accessible to every reader, no matter where they lived. He wanted Amazon to be the go-to resource for people everywhere to purchase books. So, in July 1995, Amazon opened its doors as one of the first online bookstores and slowly with time they realised that the people were looking for everything they would want in a single place so they formed a team who would go and ask the people of their locality if they would buy their daily essentials online sitting at home and they got a positive response so through their company they could make that happen. So then they decided that they need to expand thier company and start off with selling other stuff along with the books.

Within two months, Amazon’s sales were up to $20,000/week. However, the company has continued to plow their revenue back into growth and then slowly climbed its way to the top of the online market.

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Toothbrush are not invented but rather discovered where the cities of Babylon, Egypt and Indus were filled with people which goes long back around 1000BC roughly. People felt bad about their annoying squid mouths. So, they started using medical leaves and chew sticks to rub their mouth in morning after the sun above the sea level which make them feel fresh and awesome throughout the day.

After a thousands and thousands  of years Mr. William Addis made a huge number of tooth brush and spread into the market in 18th century AD. And in 1857 Mr. Wadsworth claimed an American Patent for toothbrush design officially.

Source:
https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/who-invented-the-toothbrush-and-when-was-it-invented/#:~:text=The%20toothbrush%20as%20we%20know,twig%20with%20a%20frayed%20end.&text=The%20bristle%20toothbrush%2C%20similar%20to,invented%20until%201498%20in%20China.

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India’s Reliance Jio Platforms is the world’s most ambitious tech company. Founder Mukesh Ambani has made it his dream to provide every Indian with access to affordable and comprehensive telecommunications services, and Jio has so far proven successful, attracting nearly 400 million subscribers in just a few years.
The unparalleled growth of Reliance Jio Platforms, a subsidiary of India’s most-valued firm (Reliance Industries),  has shocked rivals and spooked foreign tech companies such as Google and Amazon and has emerged as the second-largest and the fastest-growing telecom operator in the world.

When it launched services on September 5, 2016, Reliance Jio, the latest entrant in the telecom sector, was just another beginner backed by behemoth Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL). But now, it has taken over the entire telecom industry of India.

Reliance Jio aims at creating an entire digital ecosystem, offering broadband services, web and mobile applications, smart devices, and mobile telephony devices. Its offerings range from a wide range of recorded and live music programs, television shows, sports shows to movies, and other entertainment-based programs.

The opportunity for Reliance Jio is huge because it’s not about a consumer’s home broadband but it’s a chance to serve the under-penetrated SME market and large enterprises and bringing in IoT applications.

The next big move from Reliance Jio is ‘Jio Fiber’, which promises free voice calls for life from landlines, a minimum 30 MBPS broadband speed at subscription rates starting from ₹399 a month, and free HDTV sets on a commitment to an annual plan.

Reliance Jio is also setting up a pan-India Edge Computing and Content Distribution network, as it readies to bring the Internet of Things (IoT), home broadband, enterprise broadband, and broadband for SMEs.

The demand for high-speed Internet will continue to rise as millions of people, even from rural areas have been shifting from using the feature phones to smartphones.

Reliance Jio owner, Mukesh Ambani and his team have been successful because they understood the need of the users, that is high speed internet at affordable rates. Today if we are able to attend online lectures and use atleast 2GB per day whereas around 4 years ago, a common middle class Indian used only 1GB or 500 MB per month, it is because Reliance Jio understood the pulse of the users and also, this forced other telecom service providers to follow their path.

Reliance Jio is truly a pioneer in the Digitization of India and the future digital revolution to happen in India.

Sources:
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/three-years-after-launch-reliance-jio-is-ready-with-more-disruptions/article29339088.ecehtt
https://successstory.com/companies/reliance-jio
https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/19/how-reliance-jio-platforms-became-indias-biggest-telecom-network/#:~:text=India's%20Reliance%20Jio%20Platforms%20is,in%20just%20a%20few%20years.

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The Story of Colonel Sanders, a Man who Started at 65 and Failed 1009 Times Before Succeeding

Whether you like KFC or not, the story of Colonel Harland Sanders is truly amazing. This story is inspirational because it's an example of how perseverance, dedication, and ambition along with hard work can create success; regardless of your age.Colonel Harland Sanders has become a world-known figure by marketing his "finger lickin' good" Kentucky Fried Chicken.

Read more at: https://yourstory.com/2012/07/the-story-of-colonel-sanders-a-man-who-started-at-65-and-failed-1009-times-before-succeeding?utm_pageloadtype=scroll

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Snapchat was Founded in late 2011. It was a big break through Social media. Because everyone eventually need privacy at all time. This gives so much privacy chatting in social media. It was founded by Evan Spiegel. He dropped out of Stanford university just a couple credits shy of a degree to create Snapchat, multimedia mobile messaging app.

In Snapchat where users could send photos, video,and text messages that disappear after serval seconds.Some people need more privacy for them it made a good impact on their social media accounts. Later on it keeps addiction to others who doesn't need privacy. Later on they developed their app in adding stories, video arrives and chat in a extraordinary way.
Day by day Snapchat started offering many new ways for advertisiers to earn money from its huge audience. Snapchat introduced Discover a new page easily accessible from the Snapchat home screen that featured short-term ad content from a variety of different publishers and channel like Vox , BuzzFeed,CNN,and Food Network. Now it has reached 16 billion dollars valuation across the world.
URL:https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/history-of-snapchat

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Under the British raj Indians were forced to buy expensive clothes, since the British exported the raw materials for cloth to English fabric mills, then re-imported the finished cloth to India.
Mahatma Gandhi began promoting the spinning of khadi for rural self-employment and self-reliance (instead of using cloth manufactured industrially in Britain) in the 1920s, thus making khadi an integral part and an icon of the Swadeshi movement.The freedom struggle revolved around the use of khādī fabrics and the dumping of foreign-made clothes. When some people complained about the costliness of khadi to Mahatma Gandhi, he started wearing only dhoti though he used wool shawls when it got cold. Some were able to make a reasonable living by using high quality mill yarn and catering to the luxury market. Mahatma Gandhi tried to put an end to this practice. He even threatened to give up khadi altogether if he didn't get his way. However, since the weavers would have starved if they listened to Gandhi, nothing came of this threat. later khadi stared beauty products too. which is started to provide employment for rural women using organic ways and items.
refference: https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/the-story-of-khadi-indias-fabric/

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Before the Bounce scooters was evolved one must wait for the autos,ola,cabs etc for transport facility in Bengaluru but after the evolution of bounce bikes every one is comfort in their transportation in the inter city i.e., Bengaluru and also they can drop the bike where ever they want (parking zones) every one can save their time from Bounce.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_Scooter_Share

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IDEO is one of the leading design company , which is known in its field of working for projects and products related to HCD.
It is a great idea to start a design company to address and cater to the requirement of  users.
Some examples on how IDEO works ,
1) Designing a medical device for nurses :
IDEO was asked by a medical device producer to design a device that nurses would use to enter data during a specific procedure. The client had a vision of a sleek, futuristic gadget that the nurses would hold with two hands (picture how someone would hold an iPad) during the operation.
But when the IDEO team watched the medical procedure take place, they noticed something that would make a two-handed device completely impossible.

When patients were going into the operation, they were really nervous and afraid. So the first thing that almost every nurse did was hold the patient’s hand to comfort them—an obvious human element their client hadn’t noticed.
IDEO went back to their office to brainstorm potential solutions, and they came up with a device that had a thumb scroll so nurses could do everything with one hand. That way they could input data and hold the patient’s hand.

2. Designing a toothbrush for kids :
In 1996, Oral-B asked IDEO to design a new toothbrush for kids. And the first thing the IDEO team said was that they needed to watch kids brush their teeth.

As you can probably imagine, the Oral-B executives thought this was a strange request. You want to go into people’s homes—into their bathrooms—and watch their kids brush their teeth? Everyone already knows how people brush their teeth, is that really necessary?

As strange as it sounds, that’s exactly what they did. They needed to see how kids actually brush their teeth, and they didn’t want to make any assumptions.

During their observations, they noticed that the way kids hold their toothbrushes is totally different than adults.
Since adults have manual dexterity in their hands, they tend to use their fingers to manipulate the toothbrush with very fine movements. But kids just grab the toothbrush in their fist.

The problem with adult toothbrushes was that they were hard for kids to hold. Since they were so small, they just flopped around in the kids’ hands and were difficult to use.

That one simple observation led to a new style of toothbrush: the squish gripper.

And it totally innovated the kids-toothbrush space.
If you go into any supermarket or corner store today, you’ll notice kids’ toothbrushes have fat, squishy handles. That’s the power of observing the behavior of your users and integrating it into your design process.

So i think coming up with a company that can cater to the needs of end users using HCD is itself a very big product to the field.

Reference  : https://www.usertesting.com/blog/how-ideo-uses-customer-insights-to-design-innovative-products-users-love

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The concept of using a "ball point" within a writing instrument -since the late 19th century.

In these inventions, the ink was placed in a thin tube whose end was blocked by a tiny ball, held so that it could not slip into the tube or fall out of the pen.

The first patent for a ballpoint pen was issued on 30 October 1888 to John J. Loud, who was attempting to make a writing instrument that would be able to write "on rough surfaces — such as wood, coarse wrapping-paper, and other articles" which fountain pens could not.

https://www.pens.com/blog/the-inventor-behind-the-modern-ballpoint-pen/

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Maggi, A simple snack that became an ‘emotion‘ to Indians. In 1983, When India was a closed economy. At that time, There was no Chinese/Italian food eaten in Indian homes either. Snacks mostly included items like samosas, vadas, kachoris etc , which could not be prepared at a moment’s notice. Sangeeta Talwar(Vice-President at Nestlé India) came up with a idea to invent a new category of foods i.e ready to cook snacks. That’s how Nestle’s Maggi came in market. To  know the experience and feedback of the target consumers(kids),  Maggi was distributed for free in schools during the initial launch days.
source:https://chaibisket.com/story-of-maggi/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340296107_CONSUMER_BEHAVIOUR_AND_BRAND_PREFERENCE_OF_NESTLE_MAGGI_NOODLES_-_AN_EMPIRICAL_STUDY_WITH_REFERENCE_TO_TRICHY_TAMIL_NADU

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Fitbit was founded in early 2007 by James Park and Eric Friedman, who saw the potential for using sensors in small, wearable devices. Before handy fitness trackers, we’d have to estimate how many calories we burned in a day, and find inherent motivation to be more active. The inventors of fitness trackers recognized people’s challenges with tracking and maintaining fitness goals, and provided a useful long-term solution. The product works with the user in mind, by telling the user how many calories we burned, and urging us to get more exercise. Inspired by the nintendo Wii, their initial idea was to create a product that could be clipped to people’s clothing, so for men it was to be clipped on their shirts and for the women, they found out after a lot of interviews that they wanted their clips to be hidden and since their pants did not have pockets, they wanted it to be inside their bras. They demonstrated the product on stage expecting to get 10 pre orders in the fear of people rejecting it  but  It was like magic to people and people started clapping on seeing its ability to track steps. At the end of the event, to the surprise of both James and Eric, they walked out with 2000 pre-orders at $100 a piece! And after facing many challenges they were successfully able to deliver their product to customers and they loved it .The people were able to log in their activities and everyone was able to see it. So, one person bought it and they wanted their friends and family members to have it too so they can compare their activities and stats and suddenly lot of people were buying Fitbit.
https://www.findiaries.com/the-story-of-fitbit/

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The invention  of the resistively heated electric iron is credited to Henry W. Seeley of New York City in 1882. In the same year an iron heated  by a carbon arc was introduced in France, but was too dangerous to be successful. The early electric irons had no easy way to control their temperature , and the first thermostatically controlled electric iron appeared in the 1920s. Later steam was used to iron clothing. Credit for the invention of the steam iron goes to Thomas Sears. The first commercially available electric steam iron was introduced in 1926 by a New York drying and cleaning company, Eldec, but was not a commercial success. The patent for an electric steam iron and dampener was issued to Max Skolnik of Chicago in 1934. In 1938, Skolnik granted the steam-O-Matic corporation of New York the exclusive right to manufacture steam-electric irons. This was the first steam iron to achieve any degree of popularity, and led the way to more widespread use of the electric steam iron during the 1940s and 1950s.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothes_iron#:~:text=The%20invention%20of%20the%20resistively,New%20York%20City%20in%201882.&text=The%20early%20electric%20irons%20had,was%20used%20to%20iron%20clothing.

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Apple's Rise and Nokia's Fall(Nandhini CSE18129)

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Apple's Rise and Nokia's Fall(Nandhini CSE18129)

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Apple was about to launch a phone that nobody in the mobile world thought they had much of a chance. The company was just being too ambitious. They were calling it the iPhone and it was due soon.Nokia sold phones in the hundreds of millions, controlled supply chains and had the tightest relationships with carriers. Customers meanwhile had to do mobile computing on a screen the size of their thumb.While Apple was designing the iPhone and Nokia was selling half a billion phones each year, Google bought a company called Android and announced an Open Handset Alliance, a grouping of industry players who would come together to build an open source OS for smartphones. Nokia was invited to join but refused to demean itself.
Within two years of these events Nokia was already in crisis. In 2007, Nokia had a market capitalization of €110 billion; by May 2012 this had fallen to €14.8 billion. Those figures illustrate the extent of the decline over 5 years, years in which Apple and Android came to dominate smartphones.
Source :-  https://www.forbes.com/sites/haydnshaughnessy/2013/03/08/apples-rise-and-nokias-fall-highlight-platform-strategy-essentials/#3736311b6e9a

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I’m sure you remember how Microsoft decided to take on the iPod in 2006. The company launched Zune which promised to do everything that Apple’s device could do too.

And yet, in spite of great promises, Zune failed on the market.Microsoft admits that they were just chasing Apple and created a product that offered no reasons for customers to switch.

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This is a disastrous Galaxy Note 7 . One of Samsung's big flagship phone. Firstly it had a little problem where it occasionally caught fire and explored.The phones have been outright banned on flights and Samsung had to recall the entire line

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Batteries are at the heart of any off grid renewable energy source. Without batteries storing the energy produced by renewable sources, your house would only be able to run on the power it receives in that moment.

Although there is evidence of early batteries from the Parthian Empire around 2,000 years ago, the first true modern electric battery was invented in 1800. This world-first was the brainchild of one Alessandro Volta with the development of his voltaic pile.

Mass production of the world's first battery began in 1802 by William Cruickshank.

The first rechargeable battery was invented in 1859 by the French physician Gaston Plante. Later advancements would lead to the Nickel-Cadmium battery being developed in 1899 by Waldemar Jungner.

Volta's initial invention literally sparked a great amount of scientific excitement around the world which would lead to the eventual development of the field of electrochemistry.

Source link:https://www.google.com/amp/s/phys.org/news/2015-04-history-batteries.amp

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Balcony Bridge Planters (P.V. SAI VIVEK)

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Balcony Bridge Planters (P.V. SAI VIVEK)

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In Modern day living we need more space for construction. But we love to have greenery. It's not always possible to find a space for pots. These redesigned planters are a perfect solution for our houses and other buildings.

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As 21st century life becomes increasingly hectic, technologists continue to search for ways to reduce our burdens. PPG industries offered useful time saving device called self-cleaning windows. The innovative technology behind them is clever and effective, but how worried are people about cleanliness of their windows? It turns out that they are quite concerned about it. PPG industries, which pioneered the first self-cleaning windows in 2001, carried out consumer research through a survey in "Better Homes & Gardens" magazine in 2000, and self -cleaning windows came out at the top in a list of fantasy products.
The windows (named SunClean by PPG) are self-cleaning because an extremely thin layer of titanium oxide on the glass reacts with ultraviolet (UV)light from sunlight to break down organic dirt on the window. The coating has hydrophilic properties, so rainwater does not bead on these windows in the way that it does on normal glass. Instead, the water forms a film over the whole pane, which helps to wash the dirt from the glass and keep it clean. The popularity of this advance has yet to be proven because the public has not exactly rushed out to replace their existing window panes with this invention. They are now available from numerous glass manufacturers, but the sluggish sales suggest that for the average home owner, the 15 to 20 percent extra cost might not be worth it.
source:
1)https://www.glassonline.com/ppg-introduces-sunclean-self-cleaning-glass-for-commercial-applications/
2) "1001 inventions that changed the world since 2,600,000 BCE" -book

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Modern Television Remote (BL.EN.U4CSE18123) (TR SAI RAKSHITH)

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Modern Television Remote (BL.EN.U4CSE18123) (TR SAI RAKSHITH)

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We all have had that one TV Remote during the early days where there were just so many buttons and most of the time we were confused and experimenting with all the buttons present in the TV Remote. Sometimes we did not have any idea too as to what a certain buttons would do and on a long run sometimes never used those buttons too.
However we all used the TV remote more frequently to change the channel and volume of the television. With such a design of the TV Remote , senior citizens found it too difficult if they wanted to change the channels and moreover the remote had to be kept straight in front of the TV. With the traditional button in place , the buttons could be seen when the lighting in the room was sufficient enough.
So what was the SOLUTION?
The modern TV Remote was designed in such a fashion that the most frequently used buttons were made bigger in size. Also, to make it more simpler for the end consumer "Voice search" buttons were also introduced.

Information Source: https://medium.com/eggcademy/what-if-we-redesign-tv-remote-8db757c3c594

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The ideo was to ensure that busy working women had access to healthy and good quality idli-dosa batter. In this age of fast food and ready to eat junk food, working class people are deprived of the satisfaction of a home cooked, healthy meal. To be able to prepare something simple like a dosa a lot of work is involved in making the batter and people with their busy schedules often don't have time to make that and are forced to turn to fast food which is often unhealthy. The company was started with the idea that even working class people deserve to savour the comfort of home cooked food and are able to prepare food like other people for themselves without it taking too much of their time.
“People weren’t open to the idea of a batter in a pack then; today, we sell 55,000 kg per day,” Musthafa says (Company CEO). iD Fresh is now present in over 30,000 stores and is set to close FY19 fiscal year with a turnover of Rs 286 crore.
The founders started the business with Rs 25,000. They invested in mixers and grinders, and had a total of 100 packets, which they wanted to distribute to over 20 stores in the city. They had initially thought it would take them six months to reach the stores, but it took them nine months.

Read more at: https://yourstory.com/2018/09/id-fresh-grew-50-sq-ft-store-rs-182-crore-brand?utm_pageloadtype=scroll

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In 1872, a local tailor known as Jacob Davis purchased some denim strips from Levi Strauss to craft high strength trousers for his own client. However, as strong as the fabric was, the trousers fell apart at the seams after a few weeks of wear ,  which was especially problematic for workers who were storing gold ore in their pockets . To solve this problem Davis had the idea of installing copper rivets on the pockets and the base of the fly , to make sure the pieces of fabric were firmly bound to one another. This was the lightbulb moment that set Levi's on the road to global success.
Because Davis couldn't afford  to patent his invention, he wrote to Levi Strauss and requested that he fund the patent so the two could go into business together. Levi became responsible for manufacturing the jeans in his San Francisco factory , employing Jacob Davis to oversea production and design . All Levi's jeans once had a metal rivet at the bottom of the fly but they removed it after receiving complaints from cowboys that it would heat up and burn them. Levi's blue denim jeans that surged in popularity . primarily amongst workers at first , but by 1920 , the trousers were the leading team in men's workwear . However, it was the next 30 years which would cement the rise of denim in mainstream industry as the began to sell their product nationwide.

Read more at:
https://www.bragvintage.co.uk/history/brief-history-of-denim

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What's Kolapasi?
Kolapasi-takeaway/delivery is a food based startup which by name itself means "starving!!".....
Origin:
The franchise was formed by Santhosh(founder) and 2 of his friends...The idea popped in his mind while he was studying his master's in US. He noticed that all recognized food brands in America like subway or KFC used to have 100-200 outlets which hardly includes any Indian dish!! His conclusion on that research, customer relationship and implementing outstanding ideologies made him to build a franchise what is it today...
Revolution:
1) Santhosh noticed that any standard Indian dish to prepare would need a mastered cook wherein a pizza or a burger could be readily done without any prior experience or knowledge about cooking. So he arrived to conclusion that each and every outlet of his should be equipped with dishes and respective chefs, if not the dish would be eliminated from the menu of all outlets. It was started in terms of scaling. He thought that this could not only work out in India but also in foreign countries in future!!
2) Establishing only a takeaway and delivery company would increase workspace for a startup and reduce maintenance and cost unlike stalls..
3) During initial stages, providing sample foods for free, indirectly made customers as marketers. Indeed word of worth made them to expand their outlets till 2 to 3!!, User's review started up their growth. But unfortunately the recent flood in Chennai devastated all their units and caused a big step down. But their loyalty made customers to financially fund them and providing food packages for free during the catastrophe, helped to build a trusty relationship with customers and expanding their audience!!
4) They believed that "water should never be a commodity". So they started producing Kolapasi tagged/printed bottles for customers to buy and can re-fill water in any of their units for free!! This created a healthy bond with customers and also the tagged water bottles indirectly promoted their franchise...
How are they different:
They had not only revolutionized in terms of entrepreneurship, but also employment. They started hiring "Trans-genders" to work in the field has created employment to these people in the society and also has turned to be a different perspective.

It's evident that how a business has slowly evolved into a successful human-centered-design and has eventually made them to expand to 8 outlets in Chennai... and on the verge to expand in different cities in India!!

Source: https://youtu.be/0qR3r5u_Gxc

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Windows Phone (Vinayak Tekade, EIE18051)

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Windows Phone (Vinayak Tekade, EIE18051)

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Please check the attached video where I have covered all the aspects of windows phone why windows phone was a really good piece of technology and why it still failed.
Sources:
1. https://redmondmag.com/articles/2020/07/07/windows-phone-opportunity.aspx
2. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/rip-the-windows-phone-is-officially-dead-and-gone-urges-users-to-move-to-android-or-iphone/articleshow/67620974.cms#:~:text=Microsoft%20has%20finally%20announced%20that,updates%E2%80%9D%20for%20Windows%2010%20Mobile.
3.
https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16446280/microsoft-finally-admits-windows-phone-is-dead

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Store photos and docs online. Access them from any PC, Mac or phone. Create and work together on Word, Excel or PowerPoint documents.

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Mc Donald's is one of America's fast food chain that is the largest in the world. It famously is known for its burgers and fries.
It all started in 1948 by two brothers named Maurice and Richard McDonald. They owned a small hamburger restaurant in California. Once, the two of them visited a store owned by a salesman named Ray Kroc to buy eight malt and shake mixers. Kroc, was surprised and wanted to know how a small shop sold so many shakes that they needed 8 such machines. So, when he visited the shop, he was amazed at how they managed their shop. They sold burgers for 15 cents, in comparison to other shops that sold burgers for 32 cents.
What they did was as follows:
They completely scrapped out servers for their meals. The introduced self service counters which obviously didn't need waiters. They made the burgers before hand, wrapped them in sheets and were kept warmed under heat lamps. This way the burgers always stayed fresh.
The main HCD point here is that, they reduced the cost of each burger by almost half. This was very helpful because every one was able to grab a bite at such a low cost. Not all restaurants were able to achieve this.
Kroc saw great promise to this technique and offered to open a branch of the McDonald brother's eatery in Illinois, under the name McDonald's. It became a huge hit .
Later that year, he launched the McDonald's Corporation and made great sales, eventually outbuying the McDonald brothers in 1961. By the end of 1960s, the company had more that a 1000 stores under them.
In the year 1963, the face of McDonald's was revealed and it was named as Ronald McDonald and the signature giant 'M' became the most enduring logo of the McDonald corporation. Soon, McDonald's dominated the fast food industry and took over other small fast food corporations. The brand continued to expand exponentially and by the end of 1985, there were more than 10000 McDonald's in the USA alone.
Towards the end of the 20th century, somewhere in the late 1990's, McDonald's owned around 36000 subsidiaries world wide and according to a study, a new McDonald branch was being opened every 5 hours.

Links:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/McDonalds

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MTR READY TO EAT FOODS(ARAVIND EEE18025)

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MTR READY TO EAT FOODS(ARAVIND EEE18025)

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mavvili tiffin rooms also popularly known as MTR started its business with a hotel in 1924, banglore. they were a very successful in this with their specialities  being idly and dosa. during the world war 2 the availability of rice was decreased due to which they could prepare any of the dishes. at that time they replaced semolina also called as rava inplace of rice. this soon proved to be a big success. again in 1970's emergency was declared due to which they had to shut down their restaurant for a long time. this caused a lot of loss to owners and also to the workers. then they had an idea of creating ready to eat and easy to prepare products. with their quality of ingredients and with peoples trust these products gained a lot of success. even though the restaurant was closed, owners could serve delicious food to their customers that to by making themselves and the workers could also earn income. with this they started to expand their business and at present it also one of the top leading companies in the ready to eat products. though the restaurant opened in 1984, the profit of ready to eat products is many times considering their profit from restaurants. this is an example that the best comes out when ever we are in trouble.
though this company that is the ready to eat products was sold to orkla it is still a inspirational story to know.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eddeDb_JmX8
https://www.mtrfoods.com/about_us

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Back in the late 1990's, Colgate-Palmolive invented the initial low-cost electric toothbrush.
The firm encountered aggressive competition after developing the division, which gradually weakened its once-strong position.
The rivalry resulted in very poor profit margins as the whole industry shifted toward low-cost electric toothbrushes.
The business recognized that a path to re-establishing a stable footprint and maintaining higher margins was to emphasize value.
Colgate-Palmolive partnered with Altitude to give its slumping product line a boost.
The Acti-Brush had slipped from first to fourth place primarily due to its not being updated since its introduction. It was time to reconsider the user group. Altitude’s research team determined that the primary users were young (under 20) and looking for a toothbrush that was better fitting, more effective, longer lasting, and easier to maintain. They not only met all of these needs, but also proved that a high-powered dual brush unit could be delivered in a slender profile.

Colgate-Palmolive and Altitude determined that the keys to reconnecting with users were differentiation from competitors, superior performance, and outstanding ergonomics. Focused on human centered design, Altitude developed the product with refined features and performance, delivered on their needs.

https://www.altitudeinc.com/casestudy/colgate/

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Sony launched the PlayStation game console in Japan in December 1994, September of 1995 in North America, and Australia in November 1995. Selling over 100 million units, Sony has turned the PlayStation into one of the most widely played game consoles ever released. Many people have played the PlayStation, but few people know how the system came about and the impact it has had on the gaming market. So here is the story about how it all started…

Sony first stepped in video game market was actually with Nintendo in 1988. They worked together on a project to make a CD ROM drive for the Super Famicom (Family Computer) which is not released till now. Working prototypes were made, and even debuted at the Consumer Electronics Show in 1991. But after the show, Nintendo broke their partnership with Sony and join hands with Phillips instead.

The termination of their partnership enraged President of Sony .In order to compete against Nintendo, he asked Ken Kutaragi(the creator of “PlayStation”) to develop the PlayStation Project. Soon after demonstrating their hardware in 1994, many game publishers began to approach Sony, notably Electronic Arts and Namco.

Source:
https://www.smh.com.au/technology/your-turn-a-brief-history-of-sony-and-the-playstation-20131023-2vyql.html

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Portable Music Player -  (Sudheer Reddy)

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Portable Music Player -  (Sudheer Reddy)

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The first music playing device able to both record and play back music was the phonograph which was created by Thomas Edison in July 1877. After the evolution of so many music devices portable music players came through.

Portable music players was launched in 1997  by South Korean company Saehan information systems which has been a great success. From that time manufacturers tried to include more and more functionalities to music players.
Most people use portable music players when they are outside(jogging, gym, gardening).And it was difficult to hold it during activities, and
Too much of functionalities and complicated design. The control buttons are too close and accessibility was an issue.
Designing a compact design with easily accessible control buttons and adding a clipper to the device make the people can easily use it while engaging in other activities.
In 2008 European Commission report states that personal audio devices are being used by an increasing proportion of population.

source:-

https://www.volocars.com/blog/history-of-music-machines

https://uxdesign.cc/human-centered-design-explained-with-examples-707133acf8b4

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DuPont's Stephanie Kwolek and Herbert Blades, who in 1965 invent a high-strength polymer called KEVLAR, the body armor of over 3000, police officers has protected them from fatal attacks.

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MICROSOFT SPOT WATCH (R.JAHNAVI EEE18052)

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MICROSOFT SPOT WATCH (R.JAHNAVI EEE18052)

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It wasn’t Bluetooth compatible, the watch actually functioned as more of a stand-alone device than as an extension.It wasn’t perfect. It’s design was somewhat clunky and unattractive seemed like a bit much to pay for something that was really more of a novelty than anything else.

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Fact that the thing made wearers look absolutely ridiculous, and it’s little wonder that Glass failed to turn the tech world on its head

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Calculators are the most commonly used device by students ,business  people etc.. These calculators make our work simple in calculations  and helps in time saving  in this busy world.Casio  is one of the  world famous company  that made  us easy to  calculate.The company was founded in Japan in 1946 (originally called Kashio Seisansho) and has its headquarters in Shibuya, Tokyo. As well as calculators, the company manufacturers a wide range of electronic equipment including electronic musical instruments, cameras and watches.
The compay then worked on other engineering product manufacturing until his brother Toshio suggested that they develop an electro-mechanical calculator.With his electrical knowledge, Toshio thought that he could resolve a lot of the problems by using all electrical circuits instead of mechanical parts, and decided to try to make his own calculator. Toshio used a type of electromagnet called a solenoid, and began development of an electric calculator without gears. At the time electric calculators were essentially motorized versions of hand operated devices, but the new calculator was based instead on relay technology used in telephone exchanges. It was launched in 1954 and was the first to be manufactured in Japan.Casio continue to be one of the largest calculator manufacturers, with their scientific models used widely in schools throughout the world.
https://www.calculator.org/manufacturers/Casio.html

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People around the world use these sticky notes in everyday life for different purposes. these have a lot of demand in the market.
Post-it is an unexpected invention. n 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a chemist at 3M Company, invented a unique, low-tack adhesive that would stick to things but also could be repositioned multiple times. He was trying to invent a super-strong adhesive, but he came up with a super-weak one instead.
he didn't know what to do with it for the next 5 years he used it in the company itself but no one has idea what to with it until his colleague  ART FRY who is frustrated with the bookmarks he used in the book to sing in church used to fell down. then he used this adhesive to stick the bookmarks and he could stick multiple times without any damage to the page .
Art Fry came up with the idea of using Dr. Silver's adhesive on small notes. 3M launched the product under the name “Press 'n Peel" in 1977 in four cities. Unfortunately, it was not an immediate success.
After a successful product test in Boise, Idaho, 3M released the renamed Post-it® Notes nationwide in 1980. They soon became one of the most popular office products in the world. And that original canary yellow color? That was an accident, too! The 3M team that first developed the product used leftover canary-yellow scrap paper from a nearby laboratory.
link used:
Who Invented Sticky Notes? | Wonderopolis

wonderopolis.org › wonder › who-invented-sticky-notes

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The Rubik’s Cube is a run-away success straight from the unlikely homeland of Communist Hungary.
The world was obsessed with the Rubik’s Cube. Rubik designed the puzzle as a teaching device for his architecture students. It is now the best-selling toy in history.

But why?

The Rubik’s Cube was a toy unlike any that the world had seen. It wasn’t a doll. It wasn’t a truck. It was a cube. And, its sole function was as an enigma to be solved.

Cube inventor Erno Rubik has theorized that his puzzle’s success is based on the “basic desire to create order out of chaos” or due to its embodiment of “our most basic contradictions: simplicity and complexity, dynamism and stability, pleasure and frustration…”

I posit that the Rubik’s Cube is the Venus Flytrap of puzzles. It lures you in with bright colors and a simple objective, only to leave you helplessly lost.

First-time cubers see a simple challenge, and ask themselves, “What’s all the fuss? How hard can it be?” And they just have to try it. And try again.
source:https://www.crowdspring.com/blog/successful-product-design/

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Prakruthi Rao (ECE18114)

Play-Doh has been a classic children’s toy for so many generations that it’s hard to imagine it as anything else.
But it turns out it was a wallpaper cleaner, first!
In the late 1920s, a man named Cleo Mcvicker was tasked to sell Kutol, an almost bankrupt soap company but convinced them to let him revive the brand along with his brother.
So while heading the company in 1933, Cleo came across the demand of Kroger grocery chain who were looking for a wallpaper cleaner ( to remove soothe) to sell in their stores. So Cleo and his brother came up with a dough like cleaning substance which cleaned the soiled walls in just a roll.
But the rise of Vinyl wallpapers which were easier to clean and usage of oil and gas as fuel the demand for this product reduced.

And that's when the children’s toy idea comes in.
Cleo's daughter in law needed inexpensive materials to make Christmas decor with her students and after reading an article about using wallpaper cleaner as modeling clay to make ornaments, she bought some of Kutol’s product and brought it to school and it was a big hit as it was easy to shape and was non toxic.
After telling Joseph ( Cleo's son) about the success of the activity, he got to work re-inventing the product as a children’s toy.
SOURCE:
Smithsonianmag.com

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Alternating Current - Ritwik Lal (CSE18102)

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Alternating Current - Ritwik Lal (CSE18102)

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Nikola Tesla is credited with the discovery of Alternating Current. Edison was on a roll with his invention of lightbulbs which in a way, is an innovative design in its own. However, the discovery of AC played an important role in shaping the electricity that we use at our homes due to its power consumption and efficiency. Tesla didn't mean to discredit anyone else's work. He wished to make daily jobs and tasks easier with the help of efficient methods.

Constant rebukes and discouragements were heaped on Tesla, most of them by Edison, as he called AC a hare-brained idea and no one would ever use it.

Little did he know that his precious DC would end up being used in batteries while the theory of Alternating Current and its applications would help a ton of electrical appliances at an efficient rate and cost.

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BUBBLE WRAP -Anurag ECE18088
Bubble wrap has been around for more than 50 years.In 1957 American engineers Alfred fielding and Marc chavannes set out to create textured wallpaper .After sealing together two shower curtains with air bubbles trapped inside they discovered their 3D wall was not as popular as they'd hoped. They also tried to use them as insulators for greenhouses but that failed too. it took nearly 3 years before a marketer at sealed air discovered a better use .On 5th October 1959 IBM announced their new 1401 variable length computer .Then Frederick bowers the marketer pitched the idea to IBM about bubble wraps and how they can be used to protect their computers.  After proving the protective features IBM got on board and began to use bubble wrap. Today bubble wrap is used like everywhere for protecting items while packing and moving.
https://www.thepackagingcompany.com/knowledge-sharing/bubble-wrap-short-history/

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Nicolas Appert, who had worked as a chef for the French nobility, dove into the study of food preservation. He eventually came up with a radical innovation: food packed in champagne bottles.
Even now they are in great demand .Top brands like Nestle,Tyson Foods are manufacturing it.

https://www.history.com/news/what-it-says-on-the-tin-a-brief-history-of-canned-food

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The inventor of the world’s first electronic television, Philo Taylor Farnsworth, lived in a house without electricity until he was 14 years old. When he started high school, he began to conjure up the ideas for a system that could capture moving images, transform those images into code, then move those images along radio waves to different devices. After few years the manufacturing industries of television industry get to know that it is so diff to carry such a huge large television and keeps on modifying television now u can find many models like led, 4d, curved tv, etc .,
link:-
https://www.electronicworldtv.co.uk/blog/why-was-the-tv-invented#:~:text=Entertainment,he%20was%2014%20years%20old.

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Replacing the traditional Analog watches smart watches are getting hike these days, because they have a great number of features that make it simpler to do specific tasks, and people find more helpful to retrieve information from wrist rather than tie up their both hands with smart their phones.
Navigation:
Getting around an unknown city while travelling is much easier with a smartwatch. Directions are sent to your wrist, telling you when and where to turn next.
Music:
Most of the smartwatches come with a music player feature in them, which enables you to listen to music on the phone in your pocket.
Fitness Trackers:
The fitness aspects of smartwatches are perhaps one of the biggest advantages of having one. Different smart watches provide different functions. Most of them offer fitness and wellness services such as running health applications, tracking steps, tracking heart rate, sleep monitoring and any other sensor-related features.
Battery Life:
A big, high-resolution display is often one of the biggest drains on your mobile's battery life. Using smartwatch reduces the amount of time that large screen needs to be on, and it can have a major impact on battery life.

source: https://www.lifewire.com/an-introduction-to-smart-watches-3441381

So the increase in the total sales makes clear that the designing of smartwatches are improving towards the human centric design. As compared t0 2016 in 2020 the sales are very high making the smartwatch design towards human centric and meets the needs of people.

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The iPod was released in late 2001. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders, and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful," so Apple decided to develop its own.  The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel-based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone

The iPod quickly gained popularity and replaced every other music storage device and approximately half of Apple's revenue was earned by the iPod.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod

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PAPER BOAT - Rushin Radhakrishnan(MEE18081)

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PAPER BOAT - Rushin Radhakrishnan(MEE18081)

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Hector Beverages was founded in 2009 by Neeraj Kakkar. The Paper Boat brand was launched in 2013. Before launching it, Hector Beverages launched 'Frissia', a protein drink, followed by the energy drink 'Tzinga' in 2011.
So basically Neeraj, James Nuttall, Suhas Misra, and Neeraj Biyani ,saw that the traditional drinks like 'JAL JEERA',etc becoming obsolete as these traditional drinks were not readily available everywhere. They were also becoming as obsolete because of readily packed drinks like Maaza , Frooti, Pepsi ,Coco Cola, etc. Neeraj and his co-founders, were aware of the fact that Indians did not have any option for traditional drink but to choose the foreign packed drinks. So Neeraj and his cofounders decided to make packed Indian traditional drinks. As the product came into the market, people started loving it. Its was so readily available that people could drink PAPER Boat while they are travelling. Currently , the Indian packaged juice market is valued at INR 1,100 Cr.
The reason behind their success of the Paper boat company is that they understood the need of the people and took a necessary decision with the available necessary resources.
Source:-https://startuptalky.com/paperboat/#:~:text=Paper%20Boat%20%2D%20History%20And%20Launch,-The%20idea%20for&text=Commercial%20production%20of%20ethnic%20Indian,up%20with%20the%20increasing%20demand.

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In 2006 landscape of music industry was very difficult from what it is today.Peer to peer music sharing service Napster was long dead. The whole music industry was struggling  as sales of physical media like CD fallen consistently . Apple is selling each track for $2,
people finding it very difficult to listen music  and there were also limitations to listen music in computer . Then DANIEL EK and MARTIN LORENTZTON  two swedish entrepreneurs who were working in EKs multimedia pc an entertainment center and music player .they were hanging out in EKs apartment and they got frustrated with limitations of finding and listening to music . Before they were brainstroming ideas for their new business venture then they came up with idea Spotify , which delivers a music instantly with high quality and no downloads with subscription now which is best listening music app.
source:https://producthabits.com/how-spotify-built-a-20-billion-business-by-changing-how-people-listen-to-music/#:~:text=Convinced%20that%20there%20must%20be,more%20than%2070M%20paid%20sub

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CAFE COFFEE DAY (SAIDEEP REDDY - ECE18040)

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CAFE COFFEE DAY (SAIDEEP REDDY - ECE18040)

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VG SIDDARTHA was son of a coffee planter. He completed his Masters in Economics. He wanted to work as an investment banker in Mumbai. He was not satisfied with just growing coffee.
He asked a few people around him  about their opinion on coffee, they said that most of them are addicted to drinking a filtered coffee in morning. Then he got an idea of ready to drink coffee.
One day he had a chat with founders of TCHIBO , leading coffee brand in Germany. He was inspired by them. He asked his father that he has an idea to attract people, and his father gave him 5 lakhs. He bought a piece of land with 3 lakhs and deposited the 2 lakhs in bank.
When he was 21 years old, he went to Bombay. He stayed in a hotel which costs 120 Rs/day. He went to JM FINANCIAL SERVICES without an appointment. He joined as management trainee for trading in the Indian Stock Market. After 2 years he returned to Banglore and started his own venture SIVAN SECURITIES in 1984. It was renamed as Way2Wealthy Securities in 2000. He invested 2 lakhs in it. He invested his profits (from stock markets) in purchasing lands to grow coffee.
Finally he opened a coffee shop. It was named as CAFE COFFEE DAY. First outlet of Cafe Coffee Day was opened on 11 July 1996 in Banglore.

Source :-
https://dropoutdudes.com/cafe-coffee-day-founder-vg-siddhartha-story/

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UPSIDE DOWN!!!
Well we all might have experienced this. GETTING THE KETCHUP OUT OF THE BOTTLE. Like hitting too hard onto the plate or diluting it and many more.
Thanks to HEINZ.
They just flipped the bottle! Now we can easily squeeze the last drop of ketchup without diluting or poking it with a knife.
So here's the story:
According to an industry survey, 96 percent of U.S. households keep ketchup on hand, more than salt and pepper.
H.J. Heinz Co., the world's dominant ketchup producer,  decided the only way to sell more, was to get people to eat more, which was easier said than done. It entailed finding out and solving all of ketchup's consumer problems, especially the challenge of getting more ketchup out of the bottle faster.
The result was the massive and much-loved upside-down ketchup bottle empties quickly and cleanly.
https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article24465613.html

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"unsuccessful collaborative messaging / editing platform"

Buzz was a social network that plugged into existing sharing tools. Users could share to services like Twitter, Picasa, Flickr, YouTube, Blogger, and FriendFeed, or choose to "like" an article on platforms like Google Reader, straight from Gmail or their mobile.

The Buzz interface was more crowded,didn’t have a character limit and had major privacy concerns from the very beginning, therefore users did not find a need to move from twitter.

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cases of explosion were reported.it was banned in flights for awhile

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The product was tested in 1995 during the summer, but it never caught on.

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A fun way to exercise and easier to learn

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It is difficult to digitalise a traditional art but the graphic tablets have made it easier

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Makes it easier for us to mark the pages. Can be easily made whenever we need them

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Good finger grip and pressure free writing

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Zune Microsoft-Anurag
Couldn't match iPod features

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Failed to adapt to the digital revolution and eventually collapsed.

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It was a major upgrade from normal soaps, This design is more efficient and mainly More hygienic.

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A marvelous invention which is affordable by everyone. It helps store your food overnight or even while you're travelling.

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Basically of no use and expensive

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It has an amazing design and a really good concept. No blades means no choppy airflow, and its safe to be around children.
The blades are cleverly concealed

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Very handy and easy to use.

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Announced in 2008, this model raised several notches with a clean sheet design, which utilizes a high efficient wing and a powerful and robust Rolls-Royce BR725 turbofan engines, and delivers top of the line performance. It can seat 8 people.

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This flying beast didn't make a great first impression on avation brands because of the following reasons:
1. It was too big for all airports to handle it.
2. The seating capacity was so huge that most of the time the plane flew half filled

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The Oreo company went way too far in experimenting and the outcome of one such experiment was the watermelon flavor of Oreos. It was overpriced and many consumers hated the very taste of it

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Named scent of freedom, this cologne didn't quiet solve its purpose. It had a scent the comprised of bergamot and mint, a base of patchouli and sandalwood. (Not a very pleasing smell)

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VOLKS WAGEN BEETLE(P. LEELA KRISHNA ANJANEYULU)

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VOLKS WAGEN BEETLE(P. LEELA KRISHNA ANJANEYULU)

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Very few number of cars were sold across the world, also it had high price

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Glue that can resist underwater

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It released the soft drinks in various flavours such as Pina Colada, Spyci, Limonata, Fonzo but died due to lack of acceptance from the customers.

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Burger king satisfries-Anurag
A product that has low calories and is supposed to taste good but didnot.

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Has a very good stroke

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Oculus VR HEADSET  by Facebook CEO (P. LEELA KRISHNA ANJANEYULU)

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Oculus VR HEADSET  by Facebook CEO (P. LEELA KRISHNA ANJANEYULU)

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As it provides virtual reality for the user at cheaper cost also with wireless version ,which are widely using in gaming sector.

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Tik Tok, Instagram and  WhatsApp(P. LEELA KRISHNA ANJANEYULU)

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Tik Tok, Instagram and  WhatsApp(P. LEELA KRISHNA ANJANEYULU)

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there is no use of television now a days for entertainment, people got habituated to watch the above apps for hours continously.

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G.K .DEEPAK
Overheating and exploding batteries

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It  reduce the cost of space transportation and enable the colonization of Mars. SpaceX’s Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 rockets are designed to be reusable.

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Was quite pricey at launch and it could no stand against the competition.

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Bisleri pop: People just couldn't picture bisleri as a cola manufacturer as they were already well known for packaged drinking water. Moreover coca cola rules indian market it in cola and bisleri stood no chance.

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Before this digital world FM radio has its significant role in entertainment like playing songs, getting news etc..

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It is carved on a single rock, and it is well designed in all architectural ways.

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very big in size.