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New Vocab:
Period(t) = is the time needed for one full cycle of the motion.
Amplitude = is the maximum distance the object moves from equilibrium position.
Simple pendulum = consist of massive object called the bob suspended by a string or a light rod of length
Any system where force acting to restore an object to its equilibrium position is directly proportional to the object's displacement shows simple harmonic motion.

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F = -k • x

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F unit is N   k unit is N/m  x unit is m

k is the spring constant

x is the distance

k is the slope of line in the graph

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What is the spring constant of a spring that stretches 12 cm when an object weighing 24N is hung from it

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What is the spring constant of a spring that stretches 12 cm when an object weighing 24N is hung from it

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Given: F=24N     x: 12cm or 0.12m

Unknown: k=??

Solve:

F=-k•x

24 = -k • 0.12

24 ÷ 0.12= -k

200N/m = -k

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PEspring = -1/2 •  k • x²

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What is the elastic potential energy of a spring with k=144N/m that is compressed by 16.5m?

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What is the elastic potential energy of a spring with k=144N/m that is compressed by 16.5m?

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Given: k : 144N/m     x : 16.5m

Unknown: PEspring=??

Solve:

PEspring = -1/2 • k • x²

PEspring = -1/2 • 144 • (16.5)²

PEspring = -19602

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T = 2(3.14)Pie √l÷g

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Period only depends on the length of the pendulum and the gravitational field.

The mass of the bob does not affect the period

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What is the period on earth of a pendulum with length of 1.0m?

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What is the period on earth of a pendulum with length of 1.0m?

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New Vocab:

Wave: is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space without transferring matter.

Wave pulse is a single bump or disturbance that passes through a medium.

A wave that disturbs the particles in the medium perpendicular to the direction of the wave's travel is called a transverse wave.

Longitudinal wave: is a disturbance parallel to the direction of the wave's travel.

The shortest distance between two points where the wave pattern repeats itself is called the wavelenght

Frequency of a wave is the number of complete oscillations a point on that wave make each second

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Mechanical waves pass through a physical medium such as water , air, or a rope

Water waves, sound waves, and the waves that travel along a rope or a string are mechanical waves.

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1. Transverse waves:                                                               •The wave pulse disturbs the rope in a vertical direction, but the pulse travels horizontally.                          •If the disturbance continues at a constant rate, a periodic wave is generated

2. Longitudinal waves:                                                            •Sound waves are longitudinal waves in which the molecules are alternately compressed or decompressed along the path of the wave.

3. Surface waves:                                                                     • At the top and bottom of the circular path, particles are moving parallel to the direction of the wave's travel.
• At the left and right sides of each circle, particles are moving up or down, perpendicular to the waves direction

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1. Amplitude:                                                                                                • Since amplitude is a distance it is always positive
• More energy greater amplitude
• Doubling amplitude increases energy each second by a factor of four.

2. Wavelength:                                                                                              •The Greek letter lambda represents the wavelength

3. Speed and velocity:                                                                               •Speed only depends on the medium, the temperature of the medium also makes difference.Ex: sound waves travel faster in warm dry,dry air than in cold, dry air.

4. Phase:                                                                                          •   Particles with opposite displacements form the equilibrium position and opposite velocities are 180 degrees out of phase.

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New Vocab:

The pulse that strikes the boundary is called the incident wave.

The returning wave is called the reflected wave.

The result of the superposition of two or more waves is called interference.

When the superposition of waves with equal but opposite displacements causes destructive interference.

Node is the point that does not move at all, and the displacement is zero (no amplitude)

constructive interference occurs when wave displacements are in the same direction

Antinode: the displacement is at maximum(amplitude)

The wave that appears to be standing still is called a standing wave.

Ray is a line drawn at a right angle to the wavefront

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

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Two or more waves can combine to form a new wave.

When a wave pulse hits a rigid boundary , the energy is reflected back. note that the pulse is inverted