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Genes are not just about looking forward on what can happen, but also analyzing what has happened. According to Mukherjee, "each of us can trace our mitochondrial lineage to a single human female who existed in Africa..." (Mukherjee, p. 338). Just as with intertextuality where what we read reflects previous pieces of literature and art, so too do genes help us see and understand how previous people helped define us; we are the cumulation of genes and what they have passed down, mutations and all.

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In this scene, we understand what is being stated by Morpheus because we understand he is drawing this analogy from "Alice in Wonderland"

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JORGE LUIS BORGES, THE ORIGINAL CREATOR OF HERBERTO QUAIN

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JORGE LUIS BORGES, THE ORIGINAL CREATOR OF HERBERTO QUAIN

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In "Adios, Happy Homeland!", we see intertextuality in multiple ways. The person who presents the short stories, Herberto, come from another fictional piece, “Examen de la obra de Herbert Quain" by Borges. Additionally, Amy Letter states "the references to real-life authors, to fictional authors, to the themes of other literary works
throughout the book show not only the connectedness of the literary consciousness... to construct her own world of meaning" (Letter, p. 2-3)

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"Wilson realized that this technique could be applied not just across a family, but across an entire population of organisms. Variations in genes could be used to create a map of relatedness" Mukherjee, p. 334)

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We can use genes to show our family history and where we come from. By the same token, in "Adios, Happy Homeland!", while the book is a collection of different short stories, they do connect and relate with one another; there is even a section where the other authors write to Herberto a cease and-desist email, explaining themselves and how Herberto is placing a "doomed structure" on them. Ana Menendez takes these different authors and pieces and uses them to convey something new in her piece of writing.