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Seed Bank is a facility where seeds are stored for conservation. It stores seeds for longer periods of time. Due to climate change, plant exploitation, pollution, and natural phenomena, up to 150 species of plants go extinct EACH DAY (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2007). With seed bank, scientists are able to collect, store, and preserve these seeds for decades. These seeds can be used when such plant species go extinct, and need for reintroduction. Through science, scientists are able to stop the seed’s germination and the metabolic processes happening.

Convention on Biological Diversity. (2007). Message of Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity on the Occasion of the Celebration of the International Day for Biological Diversity at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 22 May 2007. https://www.cbd.int/kb/record/statement/32925?RecordType=statement&Subject=CC

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With the increase of plant extinction rate every year, we might not recover the some plants that went extinct. Maybe other people would ask, “Does it matter if plants go extinct?”. First of all, plants have already existed 470 million years ago (Marshall, 2012), which means that they have been providing us food for so long already. Second, most plants have phytochemicals that are capable of treating or curing diseases. According to Pan et al. (2014), the earliest recorded herbal medicine was 60,000 years ago. If these medicinal plants go extinct, there would be limited herbal medicine to be produced due to its limited production. Third, we all know that omnivores and herbivores are the primary consumers of plants. If they do not get the proper nutrition or food, they can get sick and malnourished. With that, as primary consumers of meat, we will be having difficulty with keeping up with the demand for meat as human population continues to rise up every year.

Marshall, M. (2012). First land plants plunged Earth into ice age. NewScientist. https://bit.ly/3fGW2t3

Pan, S.-Y., Litscher, G., Gao, S.-H., Zhou, S.-F., Yu, Z.-L., Chen, H.-Q., Zhang, S.-F., Tang, M.-K., Sun, J.-N., & Ko, K.-M. (2014). Historical Perspective of Traditional Indigenous Medical Practices: The Current Renaissance and Conservation of Herbal Resources. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/525340

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Based on our browsing, there are no seed bank or seed conservation programs that are recognized here in the Philippines. However, there is this project “Organic Seed Bank Establishment in Philippines” that was started by Global Seed Savers. Its goal is to provide farmers with organic seeds at a very low prices. This program also aims to help fifty farmers on seed saving, propagation, and storage techniques.

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The listed plants are combination of native and endemic plant species in Mindanao. We chose the land of Mindanao since most of its flora has not yet been extensively studied and surveyed, unlike in Luzon. As you can see from the Padlet, these beautiful plants are too precious to be gone.

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Monocot embryonic development:

The proembryo stage of moncots are composed of complex structures

The proembryo in early globular stage consist of several rows of suspensor. While the late globular stage consist of outer epidermal layer.

In scutellar stage, reduced pair of cotyledons is present and termed as scutellum.

In coleptilar stage, the embryo axis comprises of specialized tissue and these are the coleoptile and coleorhiza.

Roman Zimmermann; Wolfgang Werr (2005). Pattern Formation in the Monocot Embryo as Revealed byNAMandCUC3Orthologues fromZea maysL.. , 58(5), 669–685. doi:10.1007/s11103-005-7702-x

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Dicot embryonic development:

Proembryo stage in dicots are simpler compared to monocots

Embryogenesis in dicots are different from monocots because dicots have stages such as proembryo, globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledon stages.

The suspensor in proembryo stage is usually in single or multiple cells

Globular stage in shepher's purse plant consists of basal cell derivatives that forms the hypophysis.

In heart-shaped stage, cotyledon primordium is evident. This primordium then elongates and forms the torpedo stage embryo.

University of Florida. (2020, May). Embryogenesis. Seeds, Embryogenesis. https://propg.ifas.ufl.edu/04-seeds/01-development/04-seedsdevelopment-embryogenesis.html.

Nayan, R. (2017, August 9). Embryonic Development: Monocot & Dicot (With Diagram): Plants: Botany. Botany Library. https://www.botanylibrary.com/flowering-plants/embryonic-development-monocot-dicot-with-diagram-plants-botany/14481#:~:text=Development%20of%20Dicot%20Embryo%3A%20Zygote%20divides%20to%20give,and%20is%20called%20embryonal%20cell%20or%20epibasal%20cell.

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Seed dormancy is the inability of intact viable seeds to undergo through complete germination under favorable environmental conditions.

Types of Seed Dormancy
Innate Dormancy
- A condition in which the seeds is incapable of germination despite being under a suitable condition.
Induced Dormancy
- A condition in which dormancy happens when the seed absorbed water, but has been placed in a very unsuitable environment.
Enforced Dormancy
- A condition in which seeds are incapable of germination due to limitations in its environment.

Breaking of Seed Dormancy
Seed dormancy can be overcome by seed coat treatment, embryo treatments, and chemical treatments. Seed coat treatments can be done by either softening or cracking the seed coat. While, embryo treatments can be done by incubation of seeds in a high temperature set up. Lastly, chemical treatments can be done by using plant growth regulators that can induce germination. Seed dormancy in seeds of Grewia damine can be overcome by scarification of the seed using a sand paper was proven to be effective in inducing the seed germination of the mentioned seed.

Byjus. (2020, October 12). Seed Dormancy - Causes, Types, Methods and its Importance. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/seed-dormancy/.
De Mel, L. M. S., & Yakandawala, K. (2016). Breaking seed dormancy in a forest plant: Grewia damine Gaertn. Journal of Environmental Professionals Sri Lanka, 5(1).

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The imbibition phase is the start of entry of the water in the seed. The ingoing flow of water during this phase is distributed in crevices, cracks, and flaws of the seed cover. After this distribution, absorption of water happens in the seed tissues. The imbibition of water happens before the seed germination, and this can be divided into three phase; Rapid uptake of water (Phase 1), Phase of enhanced water uptake (Phase II), and Uptake of water along with the initiation of growth (Phase III). After the imbibition, seed storage reserves are mobilized resulting to the growth of the embryo. This food mobilization provide essential energy to fuel growth until the seedling becomes photoautotrophic.

The following pathway as shown in the figure is the normal pathway of the seed germination occurring in barley.

After this, differential growth would be evident making plant tropisms happen wherein the cells in one area of a plant would grow rapidly.

Phototropism is the one that controls the growth of the plant in response to a light source.
Thigmotropism occurs when plants made contact or perceived a touch stimulus against an object.
Gravitropism is the known as the plant's response to gravity
Thermotropism is the response to the change of temperature in the environment
Hydrotropism is the one that regulates the growth of the plant to a water  source.

Čirjak, A. (2020, May 8). What Are The 5 Tropisms And The Plant's Response To Each? WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-5-tropisms-and-the-plant-s-response-to-each.html.

Lack, A. J. (n.d.). Seed development, dormancy and germination. BrainKart. https://www.brainkart.com/article/Seed-development--dormancy-and-germination_14132/#:~:text=Gene%20expression%20in%20germination%20The%20first%20stage%20of,nature%20of%20the%20major%20reserves%20of%20the%20seed.