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Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt in the 1950s, which began because of Fidel Castro's attempt at overthrowing Fulgencio Batista's government. Castro gained power in December 1961 and declared himself a Marxist-Leninist, and after many Cubans left the island. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was carried out by President Kennedy, and within 3 days, Castro's army and militia had killed, captured, or had thrown off the entire landing force.

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Korean War
In 1945, Korea was divided by allies and after elections were held in 1948. The North became Communists, while the South became democratic. Both governments wanted to reunite the two regions, but under their particular ideology. After several border skirmishes, North Korea invaded the South, on June 25, 1950. The UN passed Resolution 83 during the war, which called for military assistance in South Korea. When China entered the war, Macarthur was forced to retreat to the South of Seoul, where he stabilized the line and counterattacked in February. The fighting never ended with a formal treaty, but instead both sides agreed to the creation of a demilitarized zone along the front. There were 778,000 UN/South Korean casualties, and 1.1-1.5 million for China/North Korean forces. North Korean remains and isolated pariah island, while South Korean created on of the world's strongest economies.

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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War began in 1959, because of nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam, and the US trying to prevent the spread of Communism. The US continued to send more troops into South Vietnam, after the French pulled out. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was allowed by North Vietnamese attacking two U.S. ships in international waters. The U.S. involvement in the war was allowed to be escalated by the president. U.S. troops fought a war in the jungle, filled with booby traps and had a difficulty finding their enemy. The Tet offense proved to the U.S. that the Vietnamese were more advanced than expected, and in 1969, Nixon had a plan to end the U.S.'s involvement in Vietnam. In July of that year, the withdraw began and the war expanded to Laos and Cambodia, something that caused many protests in America. In 1975, the war ended when South Vietnam surrendered to the communist North Vietnam. In 1976, the country was reunited as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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Chinese Revolution
In 1946, the Chinese Revolution began with the resumption of open war between the Communist party of China and Chinese nationalists, known as Kuomintang (KMT). The KMT wanted to make the frontline of the war in Manchuria, but it was an unequal struggle. They were exhausted from the conflict with the Japanese, and the communists did very little to expel the Japanese. Most of their strength was saved for later resumption of the civil war. After facing defeats for two years, the Communists learned from their errors in 1948 and defeated the KMT in battle. The Chinese Revolution ended with the capture of Hainan and the lines of ossification. The important long-term effect of the revolution was to create a Communist state with the size and power to stand as a rival to the Soviet Union, within the Communist world.

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Soviet War in Afghanistan
The Soviet War in Afghanistan lasted for 9 years, against the Mujahideen and fought by the Soviet Union, under a Marxist government. In December 1979, it began with large numbers of Soviet airborne forces landing in Kabul joining the stationed ground troops. While the Soviets occupied the cities, and the main routes for communication, the Mujahideen divided into small groups, waging guerilla warfare. In March 1985, Gorbachev stated that a solution must be found within a year, after he lost patience for the conflict. 1985 was the deadliest year in the the time of the war because of this. In 1988, after singing an accord with the United States, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw their troops. Afghanistan returned to nonaligned status after the withdraw was complete in 1989.

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Tiananmen Square, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, China

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Tiananmen Square, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, China

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Tiananmen Square, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, China

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Tiananmen Square Massacre
Because of the death of Hu Yaobang and the way his funeral was held, the Tiananmen Square Massacre was caused. Citizens began protesting to remove Li Peng from office, and on June 2, soldiers went to Beijing. When they arrived, protesters violently opposed them. Many residents of Beijing came out into the streets. When the US put economic sanction on China, it ended. China made a law that states the massacre can't be talked about.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion
1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba, on April 17, 1961. The plan for the invasion began after Fidel Castro came to power in 1959. Because of his relationship with Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, the US didn't trust him and were wary. JFK was briefed on a plan by the CIA, that was developed during the Eisenhower administration, to train Cuban exiles for an invasion of their homeland. The invasion plan was authorized by President Kennedy in February 1961, and on April 15, 1961, eight bombers left Nicaragua to bomb Cuban airfields. Obsolete WW2 B-26 bombers were painted to look like Cuban air forces, and were used by the CIA. On April 17, the Cuban exile invasion fore landed at beaches along the Bay of Pigs and were immediately met with heavy fire, after President Kennedy cancelled a second air strike. The invasion on April 19 failed after Cuban forces shot down two b-26's, that arrived late. Because of this invasion, the Kennedy administration faced a lasting impact, and they initiated Operation Mongoose, as an attempt toe sabotage the Cuban economy and government. Relations between Castro's Cuba and the US remain strained and tenuous, even after almost 50 years.

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Marshall Plan
George Kennan, William Clayton and others invented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economies and spirits of Western Europeans after the conflicts that came with World War 2. On June 5, 1947, at Harvard, the plan was shared to the people. Included in the program were 16 nations (including Germany), and it shaped the assistance they required with assistance provided through the ECA of the United States. The nations received almost 13 billion dollars in aid. Initially it was in shipments of food, staples, fuel, and machinery for the United States, and later an investment in industrial capacity in Europe. The funding for this ended in 1951, and as a result, from 1948 to 1952 European economies grew and trade relations led to the formation of the North Atlantic Alliance. Economic prosperity power by coal and steel industries made the European Union.

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Cuban Missile Crisis
In 1962, the US discovered Soviet forces were aiding Cuba at their missile launch sites. President Kennedy banned air-traffic over the entire island, while trying to dismiss this and avoid conflict. President Kennedy had many meetings with the representatives in the US to figure out what to do and find a solution. Khrushchev ordered the withdraw of missiles from Cuba, which ended the Cuban Missile Crisis.

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Fall of the Soviet Union
The fall of the Soviet Union began with massive protests, soldiers rebelling, and a coup that surrendered quickly. On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned, leaving the Soviet Union without a leader and destined to fall. By popular demand, the Soviet Union ceased to exist by January 1992.

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Formation of the Eastern Bloc
Countries on the Soviet Union's Eastern borders formed an alliance called the Eastern Bloc in 1922. It was to act as a buffer between the Western world and itself. The alliance was also used to make and enforce communist rule. Gorbachev assumed power in 1985. His open policies and economic restructuring allowed the countries of the Eastern Bloc to establish non-communist governments and adopt reforms.

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Postwar Occupation and Division of Germany
A complete breakdown of civil administration throughout the country required immediate measures to make sure of the rebuilding of civil authority, after World War 2. The Allies claimed supreme authority over Germany and wanted to divide it into 4 zones for each nation, and the zones were decided at multiple conferences.

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Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift
The US, UK, and French zones of Berlin had a blockade formed on them in June 1958, by the Soviet Union. The blockade was formed in order to force negotiations over the division and future of Germany. Stalin believed he could force a renegotiation on the Western governments, so he refused to accept the developments during the six power conference. Bevin had the idea of an airlift, that the US and UK favored, which led to a conference between Stalin and the allied forces, where nothing was agreed on. After Stalin faced defeat because the allies shut down all exports from Germany into the Soviet Zone, the blockade was lifted in 1949.

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Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall
On August 12, 1961, East German workers began the construction of the Berlin Wall, in the heat of Berlin and the perimeter adjoining the surrounding Communist state of East Germany. At the time, Berlin was physically divided into a western, capitalist part and an eastern, impoverished, communist part who citizens are now imprisoned. The Berlin Wall became the most potent symbol for the Cold War. The wall fell due to a bureaucratic accident and amid a wave of revolutions that left the Soviet-led communist bloc on the brink of collapse. The Berlin Wall completely fell in 1989.