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Evidence of humans before recorded history in early paintings and carvings.

This was very important because it shows us how they expressed themselves with the tools they had. Although primitive we can tell that they used materials that were obtained from the surrounding areas through various excavations.

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Chinese used fingerprints to establish identity of documents and clay sculpture, but without any formal classification system.

The fact that we have evidence showing that fingerprints were used for documents as well as sculptures is very important because that shows us that identifying people was very important throughout history. Although primitive we currently do this as well.

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Erasistratus (c. 304-250 b.c.) and Herophilus (c. 335 - 280 b.c.) perform autopsies in Alexandria.

This is because dissecting the dead has always been frowned upon in ancient times yet people still risked ridicule, and because of that it has advanced out knowledge of the human anatomy and helped medical research.

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First forensic autopsies are done at the University of Bologna.

This is very important because this shows us that people at the time had the sense that examining the body can help better understand what happened.

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A Chinese book, Hsi Duan Yu (the washing away of wrongs), contains a description of how to distinguish drowning from strangulation. This was the first recorded application of medical knowledge to the solution of crime

This book is important because it shows that forensics has grown to the point were they can distinguish between the causes of deaths, therefore pointing the direction of investigating to the correct cause.

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c. 1348–1350: Pope Clement VI(1291–1352) orders autopsies on victims of the Black Death to hopefully find a cause for the plague.

This is very important because it shows that people in power in this case the pope knew or at least knew that through forensics a solution to the black death could be found.

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c. 1591: Zacharias Janssen (c. 1580–c. 1638) designs the first crude microscope with the help of his father, Hans

This is important not only for forensics but for science as well because this enables both the scientific community and forensic scientists the dive deeper into microscopic organisms to better understand and direct to a answer. For forensics to assist in finding dna for matching blood or other material to solve cases.

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In what is perhaps the first ballistic comparison, John Toms is convicted of murder based on the match of paper wadding removed from the victim’s wound with paper found in Tom’s pocket.

This is important because through examination they were able to find the perpetrator to the crime by forensics.

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Mathiew Orfila, a Spaniard who became professor of medicinal/forensic chemistry at University of Paris, published Traite des Poisons Tires des Regnes Mineral, Vegetal et Animal, ou Toxicologie General l. Orfila is considered the father of modern toxicology. He also made significant contributions to the development of tests for the presence of blood in a forensic context and is credited as the first to attempt the use of a microscope in the assessment of blood and semen stains.

Mathiew is a very important person because of the toxicology book he published which helped forensics a great deal since it used microscope for an assessment of blood and semen stains. This can be applied to cases involving murder and sexual assault/abuse.

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H. Bayard published the first reliable procedures for the microscopic detection of sperm. He also noted the different microscopic characteristics of various different substrate fabrics.

This is an important addition to forensics history because Bayard's work can be used in identifying sexual abusers and rapists using the procedures. He also showed that the microscope can expose high details of fabrics which can be implemented for forensic use.

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1858: In Bengal, India, Sir William Herschel (1833–1917) requires natives sign contracts with a hand imprint and shows that fingerprints did not change over a fifty-year period

The fingerprints of Sir William show that fingerprints do not change and because of this it means that fingerprints could be used to indetify individuals and can be applied for incrimination and governmental purposes.

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Henry Faulds, a Scottish physician working in Tokyo, published a paper in the journal Nature suggesting that fingerprints at the scene of a crime could identify the offender. In one of the first recorded uses of fingerprints to solve a crime, Faulds used fingerprints to eliminate an innocent suspect and indicate a perpetrator in a Tokyo burglary.

Henry use of fingerprints for identification helped encourage their use for identification in the forensic field. he had shown his methids to Galton who had published detailed models of fingerprints and also encouraged the use in the forensic science.

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Karl Landsteiner first discovered human blood groups and was awarded the Nobel prize for his work in 1930. Max Richter adapted the technique to type stains. This is one of the first instances of performing validation experiments specifically to adapt a method for forensic science. Landsteiner's continued work on the detection of blood, its species, and its type formed the basis of practically all subsequent work.

Landsteiners discovery is very important as it helps both forensic science and medical science. Identifying different blood type can help link blood stains to the original person and help lead to a conviction, while in the medical field it could help identify what blood is compatible for use.

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In Frye v. United States, polygraph test results were ruled inadmissible. The federal ruling introduced the concept of general acceptance and stated that polygraph testing did not meet that criterion.

This ruling is very important because it establishes that polygraph tests are unreliable, also because many people still believe that polygraphs are undeniable truth.

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Max Frei-Sulzer, founder of the first Swiss criminalistics laboratory, developed the tape lift method of collecting trace evidence.

This is very important because it gave forensics another method to utilize in gathering information of crime scenes.

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The detection of gunshot residue (GSR) using scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive X-rays (SEMEDX) technology was developed by J. E. Wessel, P. F. Jones, Q. Y. Kwan, R. S. Nesbitt and E. J. Rattin at Aerospace Corporation

The detection of the gunshot residue is important because it allows forensic scientists to test for residue and lead to more accurate convictions

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The FBI introduced the beginnings of its Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with the first computerized scans of fingerprints.

This is an important milestone in forensics because this has enabled the FBI along with other governing forces, police for example, to have access to a large database of fingerprints that can be used to cross examine with evidence to lead to a conviction.

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In the first use of DNA to solve a crime, Jeffreys used DNA profiling to identify Colin Pitchfork as the murderer of two young girls in the English Midlands. Significantly, in the course of the investigation, DNA was first used to exonerate an innocent suspect.

This event is very important because this showed that DNA can reliable be used to solve crimes and convict a person as well as exonerate and innocent person.

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New York v. Castro was the first case in which the admissibility of DNA was seriously challenged. It set in motion a string of events that culminated in a call for certification, accreditation, standardization, and quality control guidelines for both DNA laboratories and the general forensic community.

The standarization and implementation of quality control guidelines is very important because it established a set of rules so that the use of DNA is more reliably used and without corruption.

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Mitochondrial DNA is first admitted into a U.S. court in Tennessee v. Ware.

The use of the DNA was very important for this case because if not used all evidence was only circumstantial and would have lead to a non conviction, but because it was used it lead to a conviction