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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
Brazil was dependent on their exports and trade therefore when the Great Depression occurred the demand for  foreign goods decreased thus effecting Brazilian's economy as well as a collapse in exports due to the fact that individuals could not purchase these goods. In addition, an employment rate decreased leading to instability.
How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?
During the Great Depression, Vargas governed Brazil in a dictatorships who sough to industrialize Brazil. Vargas disbanded the Brazilian Congress, suspending the freedom of press and jailed communism. In addition, Vargas wanted to ally with Nazi Germany making sure to unify Brazilians in Brazil.

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Nationalists?
The nationalist were an insurgent class Spanish soldiers, most of them in Morocco, that due to their conservative beliefs and major renunciation of the Popular Front's reforms. Thus, they rebled against the government and began the Spanish Civil War, which made its way to Spain. This movement was also headed and led by Francisco Franco.
Republicans/Loyalists?
This class was the ruling party that took over the Spanish government and created the Spanish Republic in 1931 after the abdication of King Alfonso VIII. They wanted major reforms and thus elected the Popular Front, which had a major goal of land reform, which empowered peasants and radicals. In the Civil War, they serve as the defenders of the republic.
Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
No, the Spanish Civil War, while crucial to the rising tensions that led to the beginning of WWII, did not actually start the war as no side had actually sent armed soldiers to fight, just civilians and weapons, meaning that there was no legitimacy to a claim of a power's direct involvement in the Spanish Civil War.

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Plans?
-Five Year Plan: plan to turn USSR from agricultural econ to industrial

Targeting?
-collectivized agriculture and redistributed it to ''everyone''

Effects?
-millions of citizens dies due to corruption in redistribution policies
-many died in stalins gulag
-nonetheless, industrialized and became one of the world's superpowers

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization - Danial

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization - Danial

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What were they?
After the New Economic Plan, a program that enacted some progress, but was dismantled after Vladimir Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin took power and created the Five-Year Plan, a major policy change which was aimed at bringing the fledgling Soviet Union (USSR), which was primarily an agricultural society, back into the sphere of Western industrial nations.
What were the goals?
Goals of the Five-Year Plan included foremost a program of collectivized agriculture in which collectives, theoretically a group of peasants, but usually state controlled, were given control of farmland, taking it away from private owners. The government also took away food from farmers and their families and sent them to the cities. An intended effect of this was the movement of farmers into the city to have better opportunities.
What were the outcomes?
The collectivization process was a major failure and inspired rebellion by farmers who ended up burning livestock and crops. Millions also died from starvation, especially those in Ukraine. Despite the shortage of consumer goods, this program also lead to the rise of heavy industry in the USSR which created many factory jobs and kept the cost of living low during the 1930s and beyond.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Chinese Nationalist Party & Sun Yatsen-jessica

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Chinese Nationalist Party & Sun Yatsen-jessica

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Grievances?
China allied with Britain and France hoping that they would reclaim German controlled land in North East China, however Japan wanted that same land which evoked Chinese intellectuals rage due to the fact that at the Paris Peace conference, Britain and France sided  with Japan.
Plans?
Sun Yatsen wanted to ally with Mao's forced to free China from foreign dominations and overthrow warlords with the intention of full independence and industrialization.
Targeting?
Although Sun was working with the Mao forces, Chiang kaishek later attacked and nearly annihilated Mao's forces.
Effects?
The attacks on the Mao forces initiated the Chinese Civil war leading to a weakened communist party and Nationalist ruling China throughout the 1930s. Current ruler Chiang lost support of old traditions as he advocated for Confucianism, suppressing free speech when people spoke against him, and did not stop corruption.

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Grievances?
-sided with Allies in ww1 thinking they would help get back Shandong peninsula from germany
-Allies ended up siding with Japan
-anti-japanese demonstrations
-anger with europe led to rejection of western-style governing; turned towards marxist communism of soviet union

Plans?
-wasn't like other communist revolutions where working classes were energized
-instead, mao believed the revolution would happen by the peasants revolting

Targeting?
-attacked many times by the Nationalist party, remained in hiding for years training, then got attacked again.

Effects?
-Long March; one year long, 6000 mile retreat into the wilderness where they hid
-got the trust and support of many peasants; impressed by the fact that they kept sticking to their ideals
-Nationalist party and Chiang lost reputability due to alienation of many and corruption

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere - Taylor

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere - Taylor

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What is it?
After Japan expanded their empire until 1945, which is when WW II ended, Japan took over land such as the Philippines, Dutch East Indies, British, Malaya, Burma and other Pacific islands. These territories that Japan took over is what the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was. These efforts was Japan's domination of East Asia which was resulted from Germany's victories.
What are the goals?
The goal of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was Japan's way of seeking colonization to control other countries in Asia, as a tactic to take their resources for war.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
- Exports plummeted , cut in half bc depended on foreign trade
- Unemployment rose
- Famine grew
- Causing isolation of Japan , avoid further consequences

2. New Territories Seized?
- Invasion of Southeast Asia
- Philippines
- Hong Kong
- British Malaya

3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
- Japan invaded Manchuria in Northern China , wanting more natural resources, and tensions rose when an invasion occurred of a railway owned by Japan in Mukden, either by Chinese dissidents or Japanese soldiers. League of Nations condemned Japan to leave Manchuria, but instead, they left the nations and continued to seize more land.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?
The New Deal is a program designed to alleviate the pressure on the poor as a result of the Great Depression and aimed to use the concept of deficit spending, as suggested by John Maynard Keynes. This was contrary to the previous ideology of laissez-faire and involved the government intentionally spending money it didn't have in order to stimulate economic growth.
Relief?
The New Deal was aimed to provide a much needed relief for citizens, most especially for poorer individual and minority groups that were hit the hardest by the Great Depression. These groups include the poor, unemployed, women, minorities, and most importantly, farmers.
Recovery?
The recovery aspect of the New Deal involved massive amounts of deficit spending that was aimed at bringing the United States out of the recession. However, in 1937, Roosevelt reversed course and brought unemployment back up due to the stop of deficit spending. The fear was the that too much spending would cause irreparable deficits that could never be overcome.
Reform?
Reforms were enacted due to a belief that market instability had caused the Great Depression and that government overhauls were required to ensure that this magnitude of recession would never occur again.

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?

By passing tariffs, it helped create the global depression because it rose prices of imports , causing for other countries to not afford products. This further led to the decrease of exported goods which negatively affected economies greatly , especially regions that relied on agriculture.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances?
-even though Italy was one of the winners at the Paris Peace Conference, gained very little territory from the treaty
-caused discontent and bitterness towards the government among the people
-due to this unhappiness, mussolini and fascist party took power

Plans?
-militarism and brute force
-conquer 'inferior' nations
-suppress any opposition to power

Targeting?
-conquered Libya and colonized Italian Somaliland
-initially was driven out by Abyssinia (present day Ethiopia)
-went back and conquered anyways
-1939, made alliance with Germany and Hitler

Effects?
-led to decrease credibility in the league of nations; warned italy but didn't attempt to stop invasion
-mussolini executed towards end of ww2

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Grievances?
- exposed to extremes nationalism and advocated for violence as a political tool, using dictatorships
- despised communism, democracy and viewed war as a positive experience
- The collapse of the German imperials government left democratic politicians to the Weimar Republic which wanted peace settlements
- people said that Germany had not really lost the war though and blamed Jews, communist, and civilian socialisms for stabbing the nation in the back
- mass unemployment rates started to increase thus leading to the rise of Hitler's National Socialist or Nazi Party

Plans?
- Wanted immense German nationalism and racial superiority, containing a hatred for Jews, communism, and wanted to tackle Germany's economic problems

Targeting?
- Despised Jews, communism and civilian socialisms thus enabling Hitler to maintain and expand control over Germany

Effects?
- Hitler brought Germany out of Depression
- heavily investing in  public projects such as roads, highways, bridges, canals, and public buildings
- Jews became a symbol of urban, capitalist, and foreign influences for undermining influences
- restricted Jewish life, excluding them form education, professional organization , and civil employment

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.