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Water is stored in clear water tank before pumping to the service reservoirs for distribution to customers.

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Take place in the treated water pump
Hydrated lime is added to adjust the pH
Chlorines and ammonia is added to maintain the water quality
Fluoride is added to prevent tooth decay

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Unit process: Filtration
Underlying mechanism: Straining
Removes nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and other suspended solids.

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Granular activated carbon filters remove natural organic matter, making the water biologically-stable. It principle is adsorption. It takes place in the granular activated carbon adsorption tan

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Take place in the treated water tank
Chlorine and ozone  is used to destroy the bacteria and viruses

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Take place in coagulation tank and flocculation tank
Coagulants and coagulant-aids are added to bind or “flocculate” smaller suspended matter
and particles, such as silt and sand, to form larger and heavier
clumps.

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Take place in the slow and rapid sand filter
The water pass through rapid sand filter to removes the finer residual particles of up to0.02 microns

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Unit process: Aeration
Underlying mechanism: Biodegradation
Removes dissolved gases, organic matter and oxidizes dissolved metals in the wastewater.

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Take place in clarifier/ sedimentation tank
Particles combine into larger clumped particles that
settle to the bottom of the tank and are removed.
Uses Gravity and it happens in the sedimentation tank.

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It filters large debris (greater than 1mm) such as sticks, leaves and trash through bar screen and grit chamber.

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Unit process: Sedimentation
Underlying mechanism: Gravity
Solids settled at the bottom are collected and combined with the scum and greasy materials that float on the surface of the water

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Unit process: Screening
Underlying mechanism: sieving
Removes debris and sandy material