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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnnXhikg3Ys

Constitutionalists forced the return of the Portuguese king. On September 7, 1822, Dom Pedro, the prince, declared Brazil's independence from Portugal, founding the Empire of Brazil, which then led to a two-year war of independence.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLhNP0qp38Q

When trade barriers between German states were abolished in 1834, this gave rise to markets in goods. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.

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The Industrial Revolution (18-19th Century)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0KHYDj-WNI

Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi, failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy.

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Italian 1848 Revolutions | 3 Minute History

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sRE5e2NHDg

A series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804 was the overthrow of the French regime in Haiti. It was described at one of the largest slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. The goal of this war was to end all slavery and demand equality.

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Giuseppe was a writer and a political activist who wanted a united Italy. He founded and supported revolutionary groups who wanted to free Italy from foreign powers and unite the different states.

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Bismarck was a huge responsibility for the creation of Germany. He was known as the Iron Chancellor because of his power and his diplomacy of Realpolitik, which means he was willing to do anything to accomplish his goals.

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A self-educated slave with no military training drove Napoleon out of Haiti and led his country to independence

Toussaint led enslaved Africans to victory over Europeans, abolished slavery, and secured native control over the colony in 1797.

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Many people resented British influence and began a movement to reestablish the monarchy in Portugal, specifically a liberal, constitutional monarchy. Prince Dom delcared Brazils independence from Portugal, which founded the Brazilian Empire. This also led to a 2 year war of independence.