# data[].attributes.body
This resource allows you to access maps of countries all over the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Michael Borop, World Sites Atlas (Sitesatlas.com)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
World Sites Atlas features profiles, maps, flags, and more for all the countries of the world. Select the country of your choice from the interactive map below or the drop-down list beneath it. Our exclusive world atlas is a huge map of the world designed with matching political and physical styles.

# data[].attributes.body
This resource describes the phases of the moon.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What's the Moon's phase tonight? With our 2021 Moon Phase Calendar, you'll find when the next new Moon, first quarter, full Moon, or last quarter is happening-for all 12 months of 2021. AND our tool is customized to YOUR zip code. No converting to your local time! We also provide daily Moon illumination percentages and the Moon's current age.

See Moon phases for all 12 months of 2021-plus, you can go backwards or forwards in time to find out the full Moon or Moon phases from 1902 to 2037!

Also, learn more about Moon phases and the meanings behind common terms such as "lunar cycle," "waxing gibbous," "earthshine," "perigee," and more.

Related links:

Moon Phase Calendar July 2021

All times in Eastern time.

About the Moon's Phases

What Are Moon Phases?

As the Moon orbits around Earth and Earth orbits around the Sun, the angle between the Sun, Moon, and Earth changes. As a result, the amount of sunlight that reflects off the Moon and travels to our eyes changes every day. (The Moon itself produces no light of its own.)

We see the Moon's disk change from all dark to all light to all dark again: This span of time is called a lunar cycle, lunation, lunar month, or synodic month. The length of the cycle can vary slightly, but on average, it is 29.53059 days. (See "What's the Moon's Age?" below for more information.)

Astronomers have broken down this cycle into four primary Moon phases: New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon, and Last Quarter. There are also four secondary phases: Waxing Crescent, Waxing Gibbous, Waning Gibbous, and Waning Crescent. The primary phases occur at a specific moment, no matter where you are on Earth, which is then converted to local time. (Depending on where you live, you may or may not be able to see the exact moment of a phase, in part because the Moon may not have risen yet in your area.) The secondary phases, however, represent a span of time rather than a specific moment.

* New Moon

This phase is named as such because it starts a new lunar cycle. At this time, the Sun and Moon are in conjunction, meaning that they are closest together in the sky, on the same side of Earth (Sun→Moon→Earth). From our perspective, the Moon appears totally dark: We can not usually see it because we are facing the Moon's shadowed side, which does not receive any direct sunlight. But if we were to travel to the other side of the Moon, the part that faces the Sun, it would be totally illuminated.

Occasionally, if the new Moon's position lines up correctly between the Sun and Earth, from our viewpoint it will cover part or all of the Sun's disk, causing a solar eclipse. These events are only visible from a small portion of Earth and require special eye protection to be viewed safely. ( Read more about solar eclipses here!)

The months of some calendars, such as the Chinese lunisolar calendar, begin at the time of the new (or dark) Moon.

* Waxing Crescent

This phase occurs between the new Moon and first quarter phases. At the beginning of this stage, we see a thin, crescent-shape Moon, which, in the Northern Hemisphere, appears on the right side. The lit area slowly widens each day, covering more and more of the right side of the Moon's surface until the first quarter phase, when the Moon's entire right side is illuminated. (In the Southern Hemisphere, the same thing happens, only on the left side.)

Some lunar and lunisolar calendars, such as the Islamic (or Hijri) calendar, define the start of a month as when the Moon first becomes visible, which is usually a day or so after the new Moon, during its waxing crescent stage.

* First Quarter

This phase got its name because at this point the Moon has traveled 1/4 of the way through its orbit. It's a confusing label, though, because at this time from our perspective, 1/2 of the Moon's surface is lit. In fact, both the first and last quarter phases are sometimes called a Half Moon. At first quarter in the Northern Hemisphere, the right side of the Moon is illuminated; in the Southern Hemisphere, it's the left side. In actuality, we are seeing 1/2 of the lit side of the Moon because the entire illuminated surface is only partly facing our direction. In other words, the Moon is perpendicular to the Earth/Sun line. During a first quarter phase, the Moon is said to be at east quadrature, meaning that it is 90 degrees east of the Sun when viewed from Earth.

* Waxing Gibbous

This phase occurs between the first quarter and full Moon and describes the Moon when it is more than half lit, but not yet fully. At the beginning of this stage in the Northern Hemisphere, we see the right half of the Moon illuminated plus a tiny fraction more extending into the left side. As the days pass, the light creeps farther left, covering more and more of the Moon's surface until the full Moon phase, when the entire disk is illuminated. In the Southern Hemisphere, the same happens, only from left to right.

"Gibbous" comes from a Latin word meaning "humpbacked," referring to the curved lit area on the Moon's surface.

* Full Moon

This phase is named as such because, from our perspective, the full disk is illuminated. At this time, the Sun and Moon are in opposition, meaning that they are farthest apart in the sky, on opposite sides of Earth (Sun→Earth→Moon).

Occasionally, if the full Moon's position lines up correctly with the Sun and Earth, from our viewpoint, the Moon will enter Earth's shadow, which will cut off part or all of the sunlight reflected off the Moon's surface, thereby causing a lunar eclipse. ( Learn more about lunar eclipses here!)

* Waning Gibbous

This phase occurs between the full and last quarter and describes the Moon when it is more than half lit, but not fully. At the beginning of this stage in the Northern Hemisphere, we see a disk almost fully lit except for a tiny sliver on the right side that is in darkness. As the days pass, the lit area shrinks from right to left until the last quarter phase, when the Moon's left half is illuminated and the right half is in darkness. In the Southern Hemisphere, the same happens, only the light shrinks from left to right.

* Last Quarter

This phase got its name because at this point the Moon has traveled 3/4 of the way through its orbit, and has just one more (the last) quarter to complete one revolution. This stage is sometimes also called Third Quarter. At this stage, we see 1/2 of the Moon's surface lit. In the Northern Hemisphere, the left side is illuminated; in the Southern Hemisphere, it is the right side. During a last quarter phase, the Moon is said to be at west quadrature, meaning that it is 90 degrees west of the Sun when viewed from Earth.

* Waning Crescent

This phase occurs between the last quarter and new Moon phases. At the beginning of this stage, in the Northern Hemisphere, we see the Moon's entire left side almost fully lit and the right side in darkness. The lit area slowly shrinks each day, covering less and less of the Moon's surface until it looks like a very thin crescent on the left side. Eventually, the entire disk will be in darkness, at which point it will be the new Moon phase and another lunar cycle will have begun. (In the Southern Hemisphere, the same thing happens, only the lit area would have started on the right side and shrunk from left to right, until a thin crescent remained on the right.) Once the Sun rises, it is not easy to see this slim phase; the best time is before the glare of sunrise.

What Is the Moon's Age?

The term " Moon's age" is not a reference to how long the Moon has existed (about 4.5 billion years, if you're wondering), but rather how many days it's been since the last new Moon. As mentioned above, the span of time between one new Moon and the next is called a lunar cycle, lunation, lunar month, or synodic month and on average lasts for 29.53059 days. This translates to 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 3 seconds.

For most dates in the above Moon Phase Calendar, there is listed at the bottom of the grid cell a number of days, such as "18 days." This tells us the amount of days since the previous new Moon, or in other words, how many days into the lunar cycle we are-aka, the Moon's age. So, at the new Moon, that day is "0" (not labeled); the next day, 1 day has passed; and onward until 29 days pass and we are at the next new Moon. You can also find this information in the print edition of The Old Farmer's Almanac, in the last (right) column of the Left-Hand Calendar Pages.

The length of a lunar cycle can vary by more than 13 hours due to a few factors. For example, when the new Moon phase occurs at about the same the time as perigee (the point in the Moon's elliptical orbit that is closest to Earth), shorter lunations result. When the new Moon phase occurs at about the same time as apogee (when the Moon is farthest from Earth), longer lunations result. This is related to the fact that the Moon travels faster in its orbit at perigee and slowest in its orbit at apogee.

Earth's relative position near perihelion (point in Earth's orbit that is closest to the Sun) and aphelion (when Earth is farthest from the Sun) also affect lunation times. The longest lunations result when the new Moon coincides with apogee and Earth is at perihelion. The shortest lunations result when the new Moon coincides with perigee and Earth is at aphelion.

One of the shortest lunations was 29 days, 6 hours, and 35 minutes, whereas one of the longest was 29 days, 19 hours, 55 minutes.

Note: The synodic month describes the time for the Moon to complete one orbit around Earth and return to the same position relative to the Sun and Earth. If Earth were not moving along in its orbit but instead were standing still, the Moon would take less time to reach that same position: This is called the sidereal month, which is about 2.21 days shorter than the synodic month. "Sidereal" means "related to stars"-in this case, the Moon's position relative to the stars.

What Is Percent Illumination?

Percent illumination, listed in the Moon Phase Calendar under the Moon symbol, tells us how much of the Moon's disk is lit, as seen from Earth. Looking at the calendar on this page, you can see that from new to full, the percentage increases, indicating the waxing stages, and from full to new, the percentage decreases, indicating the waning stages. The New Moon is 0 percent illuminated (or totally dark); First Quarter is essentially 50 percent illuminated (half of the disk is lit); Full Moon is 100 percent illuminated (the entire disk is lit); and Last Quarter is back to essentially 50 percent illuminated (half of the disk is lit).

We say "essentially" for the quarter phases because technically, at the exact time of the first quarter, a tiny fraction more than half of the Moon is lit, and at last quarter, a tiny fraction less. The Moon is exactly half-lit when it reaches dichotomy, which occurs several minutes before first quarter and several minutes after last quarter.

When Does the Moon Rise and Set?

Below are general guidelines as to where to look for the Moon during each of its phases. Times mentioned are solar time, not clock time. The four primary phases (in italics) rise and set at a point in time; the four secondary phases occur over a broader timespan.

Phase

Rises Near the East

Highest in the Sky

Sets Near the West

Waxing Crescent

Between sunrise and noon

Afternoon

Between sunset and midnight

Waxing Gibbous

Between noon and sunset

Evening

Between midnight and sunrise

Waning Gibbous

Between sunset and midnight

Early morning

Between sunrise and noon

Waning Crescent

Between midnight and sunrise

Morning

Between noon and sunset

What Is Earthshine?

Earthshine is sunlight that dimly illuminates the dark part of the Moon's surface that faces us. It occurs when light travels from the Sun to Earth, reflects off the Earth, travels to the Moon, and then bounces back to Earth to reach our eyes. When this happens, we can see part of the Moon that normally isn't lit, but this portion is much dimmer than section directly illuminated by sunlight.

For example, during a waxing crescent stage, we might see a thin crescent brightly lit by direct sunlight, but also the rest of the Moon's disk slightly illuminated by a much dimmer glow from earthshine. Sometimes this appearance is called the "old Moon in the new Moon's arms."

Earthshine is most noticeable within five days of a new Moon (during the waning and waxing crescent stages).
Browse Moon Phases and Lunar Calendars by State or Province

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Moon Phase Calendar | What is the Moon Phase Today?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What is the Moon Phase today? Use our Moon Phase Calendar to find dates and times of the full Moon, new Moon, and every phase in between. Beyond the phases of the Moon, you will also see daily Moon illumination percentages and the Moon's age.

# data[].attributes.body
This page provides almanacs and information related to weather and climate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Today's Weather Fact, Today's Weather, Disasters, Climate, Weather Extremes, Meteorology, and more.

# data[].attributes.body
Use this online dictionary to define words.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Find definitions for over 300,000 words from the most authoritative English dictionary. Continuously updated with new words and meanings.

# data[].attributes.body
This resource provides information on various works of art and art movements.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Art cyclopedia: The Fine Art Search Engine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Artcyclopedia is an index of online museums and image archives: find where the works of over 8,000 different fine artists can be viewed online.