# data[].attributes.body
http://www.machupicchu-inca.com/inca-calendar.html
This website discusses the Incan Calendar and how to convert from our calendar to the Incan Calendar.

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/GP3JLCbZcJchttps://youtu.be/GP3JLCbZcJc
This video gives the english words and then the Mayan language in the video.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
More than eighty helpful words, phrases, and hand signs, all demonstrated by native speakers of this wonderful ancient language. Gibson's film may have inaccurately depicted Mayans as a people with a sense of humor.

# data[].attributes.body
Class Activity: Students will create a Mayan Observatory in anyway by their choice. They can draw it, paint it, or make a 3-D version of it using clay, toothpicks, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Primary Source: Students can see the major events that took place around Machu Picchu.

# data[].attributes.body
https://mrgrayhistory.wikispaces.com/UNIT+9+-+AZTECS+%26+INCAS
This website is an interactive website that has multiple videos, maps, pictures, and information for students to click on and learn from.

# data[].attributes.headline
Heroes vs Villains of the Ancient World (Activity)

# data[].attributes.subject
Heroes vs Villains of the Ancient World (Activity)

# data[].attributes.body
https://coretools.ldc.org/mods/43bed7fe-23d2-4325-9aec-f936ec12dd1f
A Lesson Plan for an activity for the students to compare to see if the Conquistadors are the Heroes or villains of the ancient world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create and share assignments aligned to College and Career Readiness standards with LDC CoreTools

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.amazon.com/Mayas-Aztecs-Social-Studies-Readers-ebook/dp/B01N96AG0U/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1505935494&sr=8-1&keywords=inca+books+for+kids
This book discusses how each of these three great empires fell to Spanish Conquistadors.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
education / teaching methods & materials / social science

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
teaching methods & materials - social science

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
education / teaching methods & materials / social science

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
teaching methods & materials - social science

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs (Social Studies Readers)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs were three groups of people found living in the ancient Americas, including the Andes Mountains and a city named Tenochtitlán. This intriguing book features details about these three incredible civilizations and explores how each of them fell when Spanish explore...

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Maya-True-Books/dp/0531241106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1505935337&sr=8-1&keywords=mayan+books+for+kids
This book is a fun way to read about the Mayan society, their calendar, and their observatories.

# data[].attributes.body
Primary Source: A picture of what is left of the Inca Empire after 100s of years- shows their engineering skills!

# data[].attributes.body
Video: This video tells about the Inca civilization and the types of people that were living there.  (Pachacuti, Atahualpa, Inca Army, etc.)

# data[].attributes.body
Activity: Students have the option to either read about or watch a video on Fransisco Pizarro and his life. The students are to create a time line of his life, including major life events and accomplishments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Francisco Pizarro

Imagine being a European explorer of the 16th Century, hearing stories of strange civilizations and rumors of golden cities and riches beyond your wildest dreams. Would you embark on a possibly dangerous journey to find fame and fortune? Well, many men took that risk during the 1500s. Spanish explorer and conqueror Francisco Pizarro was one of them.

Born in Trujillo, Spain, around 1478 CE, Francisco Pizarro grew up without a formal education, never learning how to read or write. But he did have a curious mind, and one day, after years of listening to stories about the ' New World,' Pizarro decided to take a journey of his own.

Pizarro's Voyages 1509-1520

The first time Pizarro left Spain in 1509, he accompanied a voyage to Panama, which was being used as a Spanish base for explorations into South America. He then headed to the Gulf of Urabá off South America's northern coast and reached as far as Cartagena, Colombia.

In 1513, Pizarro joined Vasco Nunez de Balboa to sail around the Isthmus of Panama when Balboa 'discovered' and claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain.

Pizarro was sent by the Governor of Panama, Pedro Arias de Ávila, to establish trade relations with indigenous tribes along the Pacific coast of Panama in 1515. Throughout these voyages, he helped subjugate some of the less-friendly native tribes.

Pizarro accompanied an expedition in 1520 into the territory of the Cacique Urraca, situated in present- day Costa Rica.

Pizarro's Search for a Golden Kingdom

In 1522, Pizarro began to be inspired by stories of Hernan Cortez, who had conquered the Aztecs in Central Mexico. He was also listening to the adventures of Pascual de Andagoya, who had been exploring southern Panama. According to Andagoya, he met natives who spoke of a city made of gold. Could this be the city that inspired the legend of El Dorado?

In 1524, Pizarro organized a team of explorers to seek this rumored wealth. He joined forces with a soldier named Diego de Almagro and a priest named Hernando de Luque. They agreed to divide the gold, silver and precious stones they hoped to find during their conquests.

Expedition into South America

In 1524, Pizarro, Luque and Almagro sailed from Panama with a modest crew of volunteers and horses. They sailed up the San Juan River, which was part of the boundary between Ecuador and Colombia. They didn't go much farther past Colombia, though. Bad weather, hunger and hostile natives took out some of the crew. Almagro even got shot in the eye with an arrow! They headed back to Panama.

In 1526, the trio headed south from Panama again. A couple of times they split up, and Almagro went back to Panama to request reinforcements. After the second request for more men and supplies, a new governor of Panama, Pedro de los Rios, began to lose faith in the expedition. He ordered them to return to Panama in six months. Pizarro and the crew continued toward Peru.

Pizarro and his men reached the Peruvian Tumbes Region in April 1528. There they saw 'little camels' (llamas) and heard stories from 'friendly natives' of bountiful silver and gold and of a powerful empire who ruled those lands. It turned out the empire they heard of was the Inca Empire.

The Inca had a vast empire that included approximately 12 million people. It extended more than 4,000 kilometers and stretched throughout portions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Inca had a powerful army, an organized society, successful agricultural techniques and well-developed cultural and artistic practices.

Clearly having ignored the Governor's six-month time limit, Pizarro finally went back to Panama. With him he had ceramics, gold, silver and some textiles that his main boat pilot, Bartolomé Ruiz, had captured. Even with these gifts and promising reports, Governor Pedro de los Rios withdrew his support. But Pizarro wasn't giving up - especially not after hearing of these Inca...

Clash with the Inca Empire

Pizarro didn't convince Governor Pedro de los Rios to support him a third time in 1528. So Pizarro went to Spain and convinced Emperor Charles V to sponsor him. On June 26, 1529, Pizarro was granted absolute authority and titles, such as Governor and Captain General, over lands he may discover and conquer.

After returning to the 'New World' on December 27, 1530, Pizarro headed south from Panama with a crew that included his brothers Hernando, Juan and Gonzalo. After they reached the San Juan River, they headed south along the coast by foot. They founded the first Spanish settlement in Peru: San Miguel de Piura.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
francisco pizarro: route & facts - video & lesson transcript | study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Francisco Pizarro: Route & Facts - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Imagine being a European explorer of the 16th Century, hearing stories of strange civilizations and rumors of golden cities and riches beyond your wildest dreams. Would you embark on a possibly dangerous journey to find fame and fortune? Well, many men took that risk during the 1500s.

# data[].attributes.body
Primary Source: Picture of Moxtezuma ll, notice his attire and have discussion of the clothing

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.toptenz.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/mayan-calendar.jpg
Picture of a Aztec Calendar that is a primary source. The picture can be used to show how they would use it and for them to see a tangible thing that the Aztec used  to tell the date.

# data[].attributes.body
Book: By reading this book students will be able to go into a life of a boy that lived in Machu Picchu which is today known as the lost city in the Andes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
children's / teenage fiction & true stories

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
children's / teenage fiction: general fiction

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
juvenile fiction / action & adventure / general

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
juvenile fiction / people & places / caribbean & latin america

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A Newbery Medal WinnerAn Incan boy who tends llamas in a hidden valley in Peru learns the traditions and secrets of his ancestors. "The story of an Incan boy who lives in a hidden valley high in the mountains of Peru with old Chuto the llama herder.

# data[].attributes.body
Book: Students will act as "Fact Finders" while reading this book about Cortes and his explorations

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/sdFUHspYf8Qhttps://youtu.be/sdFUHspYf8Q
Video from the history chanel detailing the importance of the stars and astronomy to the Mayans. The video also discusses one of the observatories that they built. Video is 2:19 long.

# data[].attributes.body
Video: Students will watch how and why the Aztecs were defeated.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ask History: What Happened to the Aztecs? | History

# data[].attributes.body
Video: Students will learn about the city of Tenochtitlan, how it was on the lake of Texcoco and that the ruins of it now lay below Mexico City.

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/spe_1YMl7nghttps://youtu.be/spe_1YMl7ng
A video of a mayan ceremony that was done to during the key points of corns growth. Video is 1:28 long.

# data[].attributes.body
Interactive Source: Students will be able to watch a short film, answer questions, play games and even make their own video over Mesoamerica. https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/mesoamerica/

# data[].attributes.body
Interactive Source: Students will learn about the life of Cortes and explore a map of his journey (possible quiz at the end)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kids learn about the biography and life of Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernan Cortes. He conquered the Aztec Empire.

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.mayankids.com/mmkbeliefs/calendar.htm
Interactive website that discusses how the Mayan Calendar works with more resources that discusses the Mayan Culture.

# data[].attributes.body
http://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter
Activity: Smithsonian website where the students can convert our calendar (Gregorian) to the Mayan calendar day. The website also discusses how to read the calendar. The class activity is to have the students convert their birthdays to the equivalent Mayan day.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Maya Calendar Converter | Living Maya Time

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Maya calendar system records a series of recurring cycles of time based on the movements of the Sun, Moon, and planets. Any given date repeats at cyclic intervals, just as, for example, January 1st in the Gregorian calendar repeats every time the Earth completes a revolution around the Sun.