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Things that were happening back then is still happening today. One example of this is modern day muckrakers. We still need journalists today to expose bad things that are happening in the world today. Without the muckrakers in history, we wouldn't of found out about the Jungle. The lesson to learn from this unit is that this history is still happening today. I think everything is getting reborn.

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The Settlement House Movement was put together by reformers to help the immigrants start a life in America. These houses would show people basic skills and how to live in today's America.

"London reformers established Toynbee Hall, the first settlement house, in East London to provide social services and education to the poor workers who lived there. Inspired by the British movement, American social reformers began founding settlement houses in the late 1880s to respond to growing industrial poverty." - Settlement House Movement document

The settlement homes helped people so much, this was one of the best things in the progressive era/gilded age.

"A Region of Overcrowded Homes," illustration from Lillian D. Wald, The House on Henry Street, 1915.

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The term muckraker was used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt.

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The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s.

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Upton Sinclair was a muckraker that exposed what was happening to a meat factory. He showed what the meat was going through until it got to the consumer. What he discovered was terrible.

"Any man who knows anything about butchering knows that the flesh of a cow that is about to calve, or has just calved, is not fit for food. A good many of these came every day to the packing houses – and, of course, if they had chosen, it would have been an easy matter for the packers to keep them till they were fit for food. But for the saving of time and fodder, it was the law that cows of that sort came along with the others, and whoever noticed it would tell the boss, and the boss would start up a conversation with the government inspector, and the two would stroll away."  -The Jungle Excerpts

Having this bad meat go to the consumers, this is really bad. These people butchering these animals are keeping bad things in them and then giving it to real people to eat. That could cause harm to them and that is not good.

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The West Virginia Mines was where people could come and find work to keep their family moving. The mines that these workers and immigrants worked in had terrible conditions. These mine workers risked their lives every day just to help their family and get payed very little.

An example of the conditions of all the workers is "The miners were fed up with the terrible working conditions and controlling mine owners. With the help of Mother Jones, miners who had previously been segregated within the company towns banded together and went on strike in 1902."  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/photo-gallery/minewars/

With Mother Jones, they created a union called the United Mine Workers of America. They worked together to get better working conditions and not have mean business owners always controlling them. They eventually got what they wanted, but there were some gun fights to get to where they are now.

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The term "child labor" refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives them of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful. The way children were used in the Gilded Age was to have business have children get the same job done as adults but paid way less. The photo attached shows kids that look like 6 or 7 to be working with big moving machinery that was very dangerous for them.  An example of this is  "Machinery needed constant cleaning. The tiny, slender bodies of the little children crawled in and about under dangerous machinery, oiling and cleaning. Often their hands were crushed. A finger was snapped off."  - Child Labor Scenario

Business needed these kids because of their tiny, slender bodies to help clean the machinery that was very dangerous and could cause these children much harm.

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Mark Twain called the late 19th century the "Gilded Age." By this, he meant something looked super good on the outside but really not that good in the inside. The late 19th century was a period of greed and guile: of Robber Barons, corporate buccaneers and the shady business practices.