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By: Litza Meneses
(Childhood)

-Nelson was the first in his family to receive an education.
- He was named "Nelson" by his missionary school teacher
- After his father was robbed of his chief name he was forced to live in a small village where he lived a poor and simple life.

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By: Summer Shipe
(Young Adult)

-Mandela was expelled from the University College of Forte Hare for participating in a student protest.
-Once Mandela returned to the Great Palace at Mqhekezweni the King was furious upon hearing of Mandela's explosion.
-Mandela ran away to Johannesburg and became a mine security officer after the King threatened Mandela if he did not return to Fort Hare he will arrange wives for him.
-He completed his Bachelor Degree at the University of South Africa and returned to Fort Hare for graduation.

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By: Laura Kalicharan
(Adult)

-To officially be considered a man he had to have a circumcision. It is a ceremony in South Africa that all boys have to go through. When he was 16 it was decided. An uncircumcised man cannot be considered an heir and cannot marry or officiate any rituals.
-He was married three times and had six kids.
-In 1994 Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa.

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By: Laura Kalicharan
(Beginning)

-Mandela joined the ANC (African National Congress) in 1944. He helped to form a youth club called ANCYL. The following year the youth club's aim was to further help South Africans to be viewed as equal citizens. They held boycotts, strikes, and nonviolent protests.
-Nelson later went on to assist in leading a Campaign for the Defiance for Unjust Laws. This involved him to traveling all around South Africa and spread awareness of the manifesto of the Freedom Charter and organizing protests against discriminatory policies.
-He also helped to organize the very first black law firm that had free or low-cost help with legal issues for people negatively affected from the apartheid legislation.

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By: Summer Shipe

- Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa began in 1990.
- The negotiations began between the African National Congress and the South African government.
- Apartheid ended in 1994, after years of negotiations.

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Books:

Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom with Connections: the Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2000.

Websites:

“The Long Walk of Nelson Mandela.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service

Wooldridge, Mike. “Mandela Death: How He Survived 27 Years in Prison.” BBC News, BBC, 11 Dec. 2013, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23618727.

History.com Staff. “Nelson Mandela.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009

Jonas. “Childhood and Education (1918-1930s).” South African History Online, 17 July 2012,

“Nelson Mandela's Childhood.” The Borgen Project, 28 Mar. 2014,

“Adulthood.” Nelson Mandela, ghmsnelsonmandela.weebly.com/adulthood.html.

History.com Staff. “Nelson Mandela.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009,

“Nelson Mandela.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 6 Sept. 2017, www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017.

“Nelson Mandela Toiled to Dismantle Entrenched Apartheid.” CNN, Cable News Network, 6

Leander. “The Nelson Mandela Presidency - 1994 to 1999.” South African History Online, 20 June 2016, www.sahistory.org.za/article/nelson-mandela-presidency-1994-1999.

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By: Litza Meneses

-Mandela's first leadership can be seen even when he was in school. He was part of the SRC.
-Mandela joined a group of young Africans and called themselves the African National Congress Youth League. They wanted to voice of peasants and working people to be heard.
-Nelson Mandela had begun his leadership campaigns with non-violent protests but he soon realized that method was ineffective so he turned to guerilla style warfare.

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By: Andrea Reyes
(Presidency)

- Mandela not only help abolish the apartheid before entering office, he helped the South African economy when in times of need.
-The RDP, Reconstruction and Development Programme, was established by Mandela in order to address the socio-economic problems brought about by the apartheid in 1994.
-Mandela was quick to unite whites and blacks by using sports as a way to unite both races. He managed to get the black South Africans to love the rugby team that was heavily populated by whites.
-In 1996, Mandela signed a law into the Constitution to allow a stronger central government based on majority rule, allowing for minorities to have a voice.

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By: Andrea Reyes
Robben Island

-At the age of 44 Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years, 13 of which were spent in the harsh environment of Robben Island.
-Upon entrance a guard informed Mandela, "This is the island. This is where you die." Proving the harsh treatment experienced in the prison.
- Mandela was the first prisoner to protest against ill-treatment and would be a negotiator between the prisoners and the guards.
-Mandela's leadership was evident when he showed a kind of guidance over the inmates in a rebellion in the prison quarry.

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By: Andrea Reyes
(End)

-F.W. de Klerk was elected into a leadership role in 1989 and he continuously worked on adding more reforms against the apartheid.
-In 1990 de Klerk released Mandela from the prison, thus allowing Mandela to work further on ending the apartheid.
-Mandela, de Klerk and 18 others formed a constitution in 1993 that allowed citizens to vote, abolished homelands, and divided the country into nine provinces.
_This action led to a more democratically held country and even allowed for Mandela to be elected as president in 1994.