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In the text it states that "the Middle Ages was a period of popular religious excitement. "The man was only conscious of only himself as a member of a race, people, party, family or corporation". In the renaissance "man became a spiritual individual, and recognised himself as such, at the close of the thirteenth century Italy began to swarm with individuality". The italians knew little of false modesty or of hypocrisy in any shape.

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couldn't have worded it better, Olivia I agree with what your saying.

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In the text the author states the middle ages were recognized as a period of popular religious excitement and veneration of relics and saints'' but the renaissance had a mood of misery, depression,and anxiety.

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`A Psychological Perspective of the Black Death~ 

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`A Psychological Perspective of the Black Death~ 

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During the 13th centery the black death was the worst plague experienced by European mankind. The population was decreasing quickly and there was nothing you could do about it. Everybody during the time was capable of containing the plague it was spreading visiously, weather you were wealthy or poor or if you were town officials or clergys. Psychological's saw ever single kind of this disease, how it was killing people physically and mentally by the social breakdown and general demorilization. What lots of psychological's saw were people living in rituals and treatment traditions in there households. They either saw people dying of crusial pain or yelling out at God himself.

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The charges that Petrarch is refuting is the charges that are given to humanistic learning. The author relates humanism to religion that they both can take you to the road of happiness.

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The common assumptions and arguments about women were how they were not as smart as men, they did not have enough understanding to learn stuff like laws, and they could not learn as well as men. Christine de Pizan tells us about great women rulers who have lived in past times. She says if it were customary to send little girls to school and teach them to do the same subjects as boys, they would fully understand it and possibly understand it more. She says men who don't think that women should have education is because their mores would be ruined.

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The believed that the black death occurred as a form of God's wrath. The people wanted to do good things as a way to show their mercy. Criminal acts began in many places as well, people looted in many different and hurtful ways.

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The believed that the black death occurred as a form of God's wrath. The people wanted to do good things as a way to show their mercy. Criminal acts began in many places as well, people looted in many different and hurtful ways.

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In the text, it explains that the painting depicts two individuals with distinct personalities. The husband is dominating towards the wife, while she stands respectfully facing him. Also it says the room is full of symbolic items such as: the single lighted candle, symbolizing Christ

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In the text it states that the husband is standing in a way that makes the woman inferior. " He is dominating by his frontal pose, she is deferentially turned toward him." It also has all the religious things with meanings you find in a 15th century marriage. For example the candle, which symbolized Christ and "implying divine light".

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The main crimes of the Waldensians according to Gui were disdain for ecclesiastical authority They believed they were in no way subject to the lord Pope or Roman Pontiff or other prelates of the Roman Church. They did not accept canonical authority or the decretals or constitutions of the Sovereign Pontiff. They did not believe that in the sacrament of the altar the bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ when the priest is a sinner.

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The charges that are being refuted are that you cannot be a scholar as well as a religious man at the same time. He argues that many have become famous for being fully devoted to the path of holiness, he has not heard of any scholars who had their studies inhibited by religion. The Author also relates how the study of humanism and religion both lead to the  same goal of  happiness. The author states that in the end, you wouldn't be able to tell the difference between him, a humanist scholar, and unlettered saints, men of religion.

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People of Florence. Italy thought that the plague was punishment for their sins, or was owed to the influence of the planets. the general understanding that  the people had of the cause was uncleanliness. It spread by coming into contact with the infected, people stayed as far away as they could from them and held parties and drank to divert themselves from what was happening outside their window. 

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People of Florence. Italy thought that the plague was punishment for their sins, or was owed to the influence of the planets. the general understanding that  the people had of the cause was uncleanliness. It spread by coming into contact with the infected, people stayed as far away as they could from them and held parties and drank to divert themselves from what was happening outside their window. 