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Women are the beautiful creator of children, of course with a man's assistance. But women are the ones who carry a child. In women, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina. Now in a man, the prostate, the testes, and the penis.

The major function of the reproductive system is to ensure the survival of the species. The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex interactions of hormones produced in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary.

(NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms, 2011)

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The immune system is made up of special organs, cells, and chemicals that fight infection.

Our immune system keeps a record of every germ or microbe it has ever defeated our body. So it can recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again.

The main parts of the immune system are:

white blood cells

antibodies

complement system

lymphatic system

spleen

bone marrow

thymus.

(Immune system explained | betterhealth.vic.gov.au, n.d.)

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(Immune system explained | betterhealth.vic.gov.au, n.d.)

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The 4 main functions of the nervous system are:

Control of body's internal environment to maintain 'homeostasis'

Programming of spinal cord reflexes.

Memory and learning

Voluntary control of movement.

(PT Direct, 2010)

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The 5 main functions of the musculoskeletal system are movement, support, protection, heat generation, and blood circulation. (Kumar, 2021)

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(Musculoskeletal Hits Top 10 in Primary Care Visits, n.d.)

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Endocrine systems also called the hormone systems, which are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of:

Glands located throughout the body;

Hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells; and

Receptors in various organs and tissues recognize and respond to the hormones.

US EPA,OCSPP, 2019)

Hormones are extremely important to the human body; Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream to act on an organ in another part of the body.

Hormones control and or regulate many biological processes and are often produced in exceptionally low amounts within the body. For example,

blood sugar control (insulin);

differentiation, growth, and function of reproductive organs (testosterone (T) and estradiol); and

body growth and energy production (growth hormone and thyroid hormone).

(US EPA,OCSPP, 2019)

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Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of:

Glands located throughout the body;

Hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells; and

Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognize and respond to the hormones.

Learn more about endocrine systems:

Why are Hormones Important?

Hormones act as chemical messengers that are released into the blood stream to act on an organ in another part of the body. Although hormones reach all parts of the body, only target cells with compatible receptors are equipped to respond. Over 50 hormones have been identified in humans and other vertebrates.

Hormones control or regulate many biological processes and are often produced in exceptionally low amounts within the body. Examples of such processes include:

blood sugar control (insulin);

differentiation, growth, and function of reproductive organs (testosterone (T) and estradiol); and

body growth and energy production (growth hormone and thyroid hormone).

Much like a lock and key, many hormones act by binding to receptors that are produced within cells. When a hormone binds to a receptor, the receptor carries out the hormone's instructions, either by altering the cell's existing proteins or turning on genes that will build a new protein. The hormone-receptor complex switches on or switches off specific biological processes in cells, tissues, and organs.

Some examples of hormones include:

Estrogens are the group of hormones responsible for female sexual development. They are produced primarily by the ovaries and in small amounts by the adrenal glands.

Androgens are responsible for male sex characteristics. Testosterone, the sex hormone produced by the testicles, is an androgen.

The thyroid gland secretes two main hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, into the bloodstream. These thyroid hormones stimulate all the cells in the body and control biological processes such as growth, reproduction, development, and metabolism.

The endocrine system, made up of all the body's different hormones, regulates all biological processes in the body from conception through adulthood and into old age, including the development of the brain and nervous system, the growth and function of the reproductive system, as well as the metabolism and blood sugar levels. The female ovaries, male testes, and pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are major constituents of the endocrine system.

Where are Endocrine Glands Located in the Human Body?

Hypothalamus - The hypothalamus links our endocrine and nervous systems together. The hypothalamus drives the endocrine system.

Pituitary gland - The pituitary gland receives signals from the hypothalamus. This gland has two lobes, the posterior and anterior lobes. The posterior lobe secretes hormones that are made by the hypothalamus. The anterior lobe produces its own hormones, several of which act on other endocrine glands.

Thyroid gland - The thyroid gland is critical to the healthy development and maturation of vertebrates and regulates metabolism.

Adrenal glands - The adrenal gland is made up of two glands: the cortex and medulla. These glands produce hormones in response to stress and regulate blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and the body's salt and water balance.

Pancreas - The pancreas is responsible for producing glucagon and insulin. Both hormones help regulate the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

Gonads - The male reproductive gonads, or testes, and female reproductive gonads, or ovaries, produce steroids that affect growth and development and also regulate reproductive cycles and behaviors. The major categories of gonadal steroids are androgens, estrogens, and progestins, all of which are found in both males and females but at different levels.

How Can Chemicals Affect the Endocrine System?

Scientific research on human epidemiology, laboratory animals, and fish and wildlife suggests that environmental contaminants can disrupt the endocrine system leading to adverse-health consequences. It is important to gain a better understanding of what concentrations of chemicals found in the environment may cause an adverse effect. Various types of scientific studies (epidemiology, mammalian toxicology, and ecological toxicology) are necessary to resolve many of the scientific questions and uncertainty surrounding the endocrine disruptor issue. Many such studies are currently underway by government agencies, industry, and academia.

Learn more with EDSP about concerns and examples of endocrine disruption.

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Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: Glands located throughout the body; Hormones that are made by the glands and released into the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells; and Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognize and respond to the hormones.

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The respiratory system have several functions. Besides helping us breathe, for example: IT allows us to

Talk and to smell.
Warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs.
Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.
Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale.
Protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants.
Respiratory System: Functions, Facts, Organs & Anatomy. (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21205-respiratory-system#function

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The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, consists of the organs and fluids that transport materials like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. (Buckley, 2019)

"All cells in the body need to have oxygen and nutrients, and they need their wastes removed. These are the main roles of the circulatory system. The heart, blood, and blood vessels work together to service the cells of the body. Using the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries, blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs (for exhalation) and picks up oxygen. From the small intestine, the blood gathers food nutrients and delivers them to every cell." (Better Health Channel, 2012)

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Buckley, G. (2019, April 28). Circulatory System - Definition, Function and Parts | Biology Dictionary. Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/circul

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The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract—also called the GI tract or digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2019)

The GI is made up of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2019)

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(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2019)