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The story
Leadenhall Market is a famous covered market in the center of the City of London. Built in the 14th century, it started as a chicken and meat market, and was later redesigned in the 1880s by Sir Horace Jones.
In 1991, the market was renovated, restoring its original purpura and cream colors and highlighting the details of its Victorian architecture.
The main entrance is on Gracechurch Street, but there are many other entrances to the market from nearby streets.

The structure
It is a complex of covered walkways with three separate sections, and with open stores at the front.
The exterior architecture is red brick and Portland stone in a classic style. The interior is more sturdy, with an order of giant Corinthian columns with elaborate octagonal crossings.
It features a domed arched roof made of wood and glass, and cobbled walkways.
In addition, we can see the original wrought iron hooks from Victorian London.

The Leadenhall market nowadays
Today Leadenhall Market is home to a range of fashion stores,  florists, perfumeries and jewelry stores, cafes, pubs and restaurants and is frequented during the week by City employees.

A little curiosity
Leadenhall Market has a curious story set in the 19th century. The main character was an unusual resident called "Old Tom."
It was a Belgian goose that came to London along with many others to be slaughtered for eating. This goose didn't die and soon became a resident who walked the market every day. Shopkeepers fed and cared for it until it died in 1835 at the age of 38.
Currently, one of the bars located in the market is called "Old Tom's Bar".

(Greta Sesenna)

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"Introduction"
The building stands on the former site of the Baltic exchange (24-28 St Mary Axe), which was the headquarters of a global marketplace for shipping freight contracts and also soft commodities, and the Chamber of Shipping (30-32 St Mary Axe).

"The IRA attack"
On 10 April 1992, the Provisional  IRA (Irish Republican Army) detonated a bomb close to the Exchange, causing extensive damage to the historic building and neighbouring structures. The United Kingdom government's statutory adviser on the historic environment, English Heritage, and the City of London's governing body, the City of London Corporation, were keen that any redevelopment must restore the Baltic Exchange's old façade onto St Mary Axe. The Exchange Hall was a celebrated fixture of the shipping market.

English Heritage then discovered that the damage was far more severe than initially thought, and they stopped insisting on full restoration, albeit over the objections of architectural conservationists. The Baltic Exchange and the Chamber of Shipping sold the land to Trafalgar House in 1995. Most of the remaining structures on the Baltic Exchange site were then carefully dismantled, and the interior of Exchange Hall and the façade were preserved, hoping for a reconstruction of the building in the future. The salvaged material was eventually sold for £800,000 and moved to Tallinn, Estonia, where it awaits reconstruction as the centrepiece of the city's commercial sector.

"The nickname"
The Gherkin nickname was applied to the current building at least as long ago as 1999, referring to that plan's highly unorthodox layout and appearance.

(Parolari)

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THE ORIGINS

The Ned was originally designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens as the headquarters of Midland Bank, which was the largest clearing house bank in the world.

Today, the Ned is a private members club and new hotel transformed by Soho House and Sydell Group who spent over 500 million pounds, and it is located in the heart of the City of London.

Some signs of the old bank are still present in the hotel, for example, there are over 3,800 boxes left in the ancient vault.

THE NED: TODAY

Now fully restored and converted to a hotel, it has nine unique restaurants and bars that stay open till four a.m., majestic event spaces converted from the executive offices and board rooms, extensive health and a rooftop terrace with pool overlooking from St. Pauls to The Shard.

There are eleven floors, 252 rooms with a 20s and 30s style design.

THE RESTAURANTS

The restaurants are located from the ground floor to the roof and cross the globe, from England to Italy, from North America to Asia with all kinds of delicacies.

Sitting at one of the prestigious tables of the restaurant, you can savor delicacies from every country.

NED CLUB

Ned club is divided into two categories: “THE NED CLUB ACTIVE” which offers cardio, sports equipment, a gym for boxing, yoga and spinning; and “THE NED CLUB RELAX” a comfortable and relaxing air welcomes guests in a S.P.A, with a 20-meter swimming pool, sauna and Turkish bath.
(Luca Rossetti)

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Dragon Boundary Marks are cast iron statues of dragons on metal or stone base that mark the boundaries of the City of London. The dragons are painted silver, with red wings and tongues.
The dragon stands on a paw, the other lean against a shield, with the right front paw raised and the left front paw holding a shield showing the City of London coat of arms, painted in red and white.

What is the project based on and where is it located?

The project is based on two large two-meter-high dragon sculptures, which were built above the entrance to the Coal Exchange in Lower Thames Street.

Who was it designed by?

It was designed by the city architect, James Bunstone Bunning in 1849.

Which mythical figure represents the City of London?

The Dragon is the symbol of the City of London and it safeguards the historic entrances, the most famous at the top of the Temple bar.

How many dragon statues are in the City of London?

There are thirteen Dragons around the City of London.
And, in addition to the Birch dragon at Temple Bar, and the two original Coal Exchange statues on Victoria Embankment, there are two replicas of the Coal Exchange dragon at the south end of London Bridge, two on High Holborn near Gray's Inn Road, and single replicas on  Bishopsgate, Moorgate, Goswell Road, Farringdon Street, and in other places.
(Galvani-El Ouelhani)

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The Monument to the Great  Fire of London 

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The Monument to the Great  Fire of London 

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The monument is located at the junction of monument street and fish street hill, it was built between 1671 and 1677 to commemorate the Grate Fire of London and to celebrate the rebuilding of the city.
The design was selected from four different designs prepared by Sir Christopher Wren , firstly Wren picked a design that figured a pillar with the sculptured flame of gilt-bronze and a phoenix on the top rising from her ashes, but after some consideration, it was considered unsuitable; another design was a statue of Charles II 15 feet high , but was economically impracticable.
The Monument has undergone frequent repair and redecoration. In May 1834 it was completely renovated and the gilt-bronze urn at the top re-gilded; the urn has since been re-gilded periodically, in 1954 when the column was also steam-cleaned and bomb scars removed.

Fun Facts,
In the Daily Journal of 16th September 1732 appears this account of a sailor’s adventure: “Yesterday, about 5 o’clock in the evening, notwithstanding the wind was so high, a sailor flew from the top of the Monument to the Upper Three Tuns tavern in Gracechurch Street, which he did in less than half a minute; there was a numerous crowd of spectators to see him. He came down within 20 feet of the place where the rope was fixed, and then flung himself off; and offered, if the gentlemen would make him a handsome collection, he would go up and fly down again.”

(Matteo Furlotti)

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Romans 2000 years ago came to Britain and founded a trading post on the river Thames named “Londinium”.The Romans had built a defensive wall around the city of Londinium. Inside the wall were placed 7 gates which helped to limit travel, control access and collect taxes.

The seven gates of London were:

Aldgate

This was the gate that led out of London towards Colchester (an important roman town).

Geoffry Chaucher lived inside the gate during the 14th century.

Bishopsgate

This was the gate that led out of London towards East Anglia (now known as Shoreditch high Street).

It’s the only London gate to be mentioned in a Beatle song.

Moorgate

This was the gate that led out of London towards Islington.

It was built up in the medieval times, it was the last to be built.It became a gate in 1415. It was one of the northern gates of the city of London and it took its name from the Moorfields, an area of marshy land that lay to the north of the wall.

Cripplegate

This was the gate that led out of London towards the village of Islington.

The gate took its name from the word “cripple” which means a kind of subterranean vault that might have been in the area.

Aldersgate

This was the gate that led out of London towards St. Bartholomews Abbey and Smithfield Market. Aldersgate probably replaced an earlier gateway to the west of the city.

Newgate

This was the gate that led out of London towards Oxford and the west.

It’s very famous probably because of the jail which grew up in the middle ages.

Ludgate

This was the gate that led out of London towards Bath and the southwest.

It’s name probably came from the king Laud (an ancient king of London).

From this gate you can observe St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Most of the gates lasted until 1760. When many of them were torn down because of the road widening.

(Marta Montali)

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The Tower of London is an old castle located on the banks of the Thames River in London. Over the centuries it has had many functions. It was a prison for famous prisoners, like Elizabeth I and later on it was the home of the Crown Jewels.

It is one of London's main tourist attractions. Visitors can see many displays and exhibitions in the Tower.

The most famous part is the White Tower, in the middle of the complex. It was built in 1078 by William the Conqueror. Other kings, for example Richard the Lionheart and Henry III, built more towers to the existing ones to improve its safety. Henry III also turned part of the Tower into a royal residence.
The Tower of London is the most famous fortification in London because of its long history. It is best known as a prison and a place where famous prisoners were executed. Many of them were brought to the Tower of London through the Traitor's Gate, an entrance near the Thames River. Through this gate prisoners could be brought to the Tower without attracting public attention. Many writings and drawings from prisoners who spent a lot of time in the tower are also on display.

Some executions were carried out in the Tower complex. Anne Boleyn, one of Henry VIII's wives was executed on Tower Green. During the Middle Ages the heads of executed criminals were hung on the Tower walls.

In the 1300s the Tower of London became the official home of the Crown Jewels. Money and gold bars were also kept there because it was one of the safest places in the city.

Two features attract most of the attention of the Tower's visitors. The Beefeaters (a Yeoman Warder of Tower of London) are responsible for guarding the tower and showing visitors around. The ravens around the Tower are said to be the symbol of the British monarchy. As long as there are ravens flying around the monarchy will survive.
FUN FACT:
From the Wall Walk you can see the famous ravens. No one knows when or why they arrived, but legend has it that if any of the six birds ever leaves the Tower, the kingdom will fall. Don’t scare them away!

Kledi Koceku & Alberto Morza

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To know the history of London we had to go back to ad 43 when the Roman settlement of Londunum was born on the north side of the Themes .
From 400 to 900 Londinium was destroyed and rebuilt.

The city started to grow up under the anglo-saxon power: first the Westminster Abbey was built.

London continued to slowly grow and during 1300 and 1400 it included Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Farrington and Southwark.

After the Great Fire of London, in 1700 the city spread west to create the West End including Bloomsbury, Fitzrovia, Soho and Mayfair.

At the beginning of 1800 in the Victoria time, there wasn't a leader, so the city was managed by local vestries, but in 1855 with a Metropolis Management Act being passed and that paved the way to a modern-day London.

The Act created the Metropolitan Board of Works.

In 1889 with the formation of the London county Council and the County of London was created some counties were pushed back.

In 1965 the London that we know today was born.

(Caraffini)

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Tower Bridge is a suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become a world-famous symbol of London. The bridge consists of two towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways. The vertical components of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Today this bridge is still opened to the population.

(Matteo Gandelli)

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The Freemasons Hall is the headquarters of the United Grand Lodge of England and the Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal.  The current building was built between 1927 and 1933 by the architects Henry Victor Ashley  and Winton Newman as a memorial to the Freemasons died in the World War I. It’s used as a tourist destination and as a film and television location too.

(Moschini Federico)

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The Freemasons Hall is the headquarters of the United Grand Lodge of England and the Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal.  The current building was built between 1927 and 1933 by the architects Henry Victor Ashley  and Winton Newman as a memorial to the Freemasons died in the World War I. It’s used as a tourist destination and as a film and television location too.

(Moschini Federico)

(Matteo Gandelli)
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St Paul Cathedral
St Paul Cathedral
It is an Anglican cathedral in London which serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London. The present cathedral, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London.

The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London. Its dome has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 feet (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome remains among the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral.

St Paul's have included the funerals of Admiral Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer;

The cathedral survived the Blitz although struck by bombs on 10 October 1940 and 17 April 1941. On 12 September 1940 a time-delayed bomb that had struck the cathedral was successfully defused and removedit: it would have totally destroyed the cathedral; it left a 100-foot (30 m) crater when later remotely detonated in a secure location.10 October 2019 a Muslim converted planned to attack the cathedral and other targets such as a hotel and a train station using explosives.

One of the best known images of London during the war was a photograph of St Paul's while was shrouded in smoke taken on 29 December 1940 during the "Second Great Fire of London"
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The working City:
The working City:
The City of London have a very few population but it's a imporant center for the economy, because there are other than 500 banks's office.
In fact over than 400000 people  works in the City and after the working hours the City become a ghost town.

(Bonassera)
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The rights of The City of London
The rights of The City of London
Since 1066, when William the conqueror became the King of England, the City of London had kept its special rights.

The City of London has its own mayor called "The Right Honourable, the Lord Mayor of London", its own rule and tradition and also its own police force and fire-fighter brigade.

The City also has a rapresentative in Parliament whose job is defending the special rights of the City, some United Kingdom's laws don't apply in the City of London.

Fun fact, the ruling monarch must ask for permission in a ceremony before entering the City of London.

(Massari)

ROMANS FAULT

But how did the UK end up with two Londons? Because of Romans. 2,000 years ago they came to Great Britain, killed a bunch of druids, and founded a trading post on the River Tames and named it Londonium. Being Romans, they got to work doing what Romans do: enforcing laws, increasing trade, building temples, public baths, roads, bridges and a wall to defend their work. And it’s this wall which is why the current City of London exists.

MODERN HISTORY

A thousand years after the Romans when William the Conqueror came to Great Britain to conqueror everything and begin modern British history, he found the City of London, with its walls more challenging to defeat than farmers on open fields. So, he agreed to recognize the rights and privileges City of Londoners were used to in return for them recognizing him ad the new King. After that William quickly built towers around the City, which were just as much about protecting William from the locals.

Then a thousand-year long tradition started where Monarchs always reconfirmed that the City of London is a special and unique place best left on his own business. Many monarchs thought the City of London was too powerful and rich. And one even built a new Capital city nearby, named Westminster, to compete with the City of London and hopefully suck power and wealth away from it. This was the start of the second London (London 2.0) which grew up to become the London we know today.
(Beatrice Ianelli)
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Tower Bridge is a suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become a world-famous symbol of London. The bridge consists of two towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways. The vertical components of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Today this bridge is still opened to the population.

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It is an Anglican cathedral in London which serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London. The present cathedral, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London.

The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London. Its dome has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 feet (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome remains among the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral.

St Paul's have included the funerals of Admiral Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer;

The cathedral survived the Blitz although struck by bombs on 10 October 1940 and 17 April 1941. On 12 September 1940 a time-delayed bomb that had struck the cathedral was successfully defused and removedit: it would have totally destroyed the cathedral; it left a 100-foot (30 m) crater when later remotely detonated in a secure location.10 October 2019 a Muslim converted planned to attack the cathedral and other targets such as a hotel and a train station using explosives.

One of the best known images of London during the war was a photograph of St Paul's while was shrouded in smoke taken on 29 December 1940 during the "Second Great Fire of London"

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The great city of London, It’s the financial capital of the world a home to over 11,000 people, but the City of London is a different place from London. If you look on a map of London it will have a one-square mile hole near the middle; and here is where the City of London lives, inside London.

TWO LONDONS

The two London have separate city hall and elect separate mayors, who collect separate taxes.
The mayor of the City of London has a fancy title “The Right Honorable,the Lord Mayor” to match his fancy outfit; he also got to ride in a golden carriage, he works in a Guildhall while the mayor of London has to wear a suit, ride a bike and work in an office building.
The City of London also have an own flag, which is older than the United Kingdom by several hundreds years, and its own crest.

ROMANS FAULT

But how did the UK end up with two Londons? Because of Romans. 2,000 years ago they came to Great Britain, killed a bunch of druids, and founded a trading post on the River Tames and named it Londonium. Being Romans, they got to work doing what Romans do: enforcing laws, increasing trade, building temples, public baths, roads, bridges and a wall to defend their work. And it’s because this wall that the current City of London exists.

MODERN HISTORY

A thousand years after the Romans when William the Conqueror came to Great Britain to conqueror everything and begin modern British history, he found the City of London, with its wall. He agreed to recognize the rights and privileges City of Londoners were used to, in return for them recognizing him as the new King.

Then a thousand-year long tradition started where Monarchs always reconfirmed that the City of London is a special and unique place best left on his own business. Many monarchs thought the City of London was too powerful and rich. And one even built a new Capital city nearby, named Westminster, to compete with the City of London and hopefully suck power and wealth away from it. This was the start of the second London (London 2.0) which grew up to become the London we know today.

Beatrice Ianelli

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Since 1066, when William the Conqueror became the King of England, the City of London had kept its special rights.

The City of London has its own mayor called "The Right Honourable, the Lord Mayor of London", its own rule and tradition and also its own police force and fire-fighter brigade.

The City also has a rapresentative in Parliament whose job is defending the special rights of the City, some United Kingdom's laws don't apply in the City of London.

Fun fact, the ruling monarch must ask for permission in a ceremony before entering the City of London.

(Massari)

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The City of London has a very few population but it's a imporant center for the economy, because there are other than 500 banks's office.
In fact over than 400000 people  works in the City and after the working hours the City become a ghost town.

(Bonassera)