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Carl Rogers

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Elements of the first, second, and third force treatment approaches have accumulated into a comprehensive and holistic effort to fully understand people as much as possible. Clinicians' awareness and understanding has to be centered on the client's individual identity, such as their gender, culture, age, race, and sexual orientation. In addition, clinicians' also have to facilitate development of positive therapeutic relationships and effective treatment plans. Therefore, it is important to be culturally competent, an ally with clients, and open to clients' multiple perspectives of themselves and their world. Networking and collaboration with other professionals, providers of community resources, and other important people within a client's life are necessary connections a counselors has to make in order to create and provide beneficial treatment.
The 21st century has created many new approaches for psychotherapy. Narrative therapy, dialectics, and therapies that incorporate Eastern thought and philosophy have provided new ways to better understand other's experiences and to also empower them to take an active role in changing their emotions, perceptions, and behaviors.

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Carl Rogers's work emerged in the 1960s and led to the development of the third force known as existential-humanistic. Fritz Perls, Viktor Frankl, and other theorists emphasized the importance of emotions and sensations. In addition, treatment encourages clients to take charge of their emotions and find meaning in their life. Due to the use of these approaches it drew attention to the importance of therapeutic alliance.
This psychotherapy uses person-centered, self actualization, existentialism, and gestalt therapy.

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Aaron Beck

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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

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B. F. Skinner

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Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic view of the conscious and unconscious mind.

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Theories B. F. Skinner, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, William Glasser, and Donald Meichenbaum findings and practices led to the emergence of the second force known as behavioral and cognitive theories and interventions. Due to research and the practices of these theories throughout the years cognitive approaches gained more attention and support in the 1990s. Cognitive and behavioral treatment emphasizes the influence of thoughts and actions on emotions. Interventions focus on the present and seek to diminish dysfunctional cognitions and behaviors. These interventions work to replace negative behaviors with positive thoughts and actions.
Theories used classical conditioning, token economy, rational emotive behavior therapy, and cognitive-behavioral.

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Sigmund Freud laid down the ground work for psychotherapy. Freud established the first force of psychotherapy known as psychodynamic.
Psychodynamic looks into past experiences and the unconscious mind as the source of a person's present emotional difficulties. By emphasizing the unconscious processes and long-term treatment, it paved the way for the creation of a solid foundation for the field of psychotherapy. However, Freud's psychodynamic approach showed limitations.