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Similarities & Differences Between Protestants and Catholics

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Similarities & Differences Between Protestants and Catholics

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Addition: Catholics and Protestants believe in 3 of the same Sacraments: Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance

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Similarities & Differences Between Protestant Denominations

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Similarities & Differences Between Protestant Denominations

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Lutherans and Calvinists believe the Eucharist, or Lord's Supper, is consubstantiation

Bible over attending church service

Anabaptists, Lutherans, and Calvinists against hierarchical church organization

Calvinists believe salvation is through predestination, cannot be achieved through faith in God, like Lutherans believed

Marriage created by God as remedy for human weakness, but divorce is permitted

Protestants believe in proper social hierarchy with husbandly authority and wifely obedience

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It is the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs); has its see in Canterbury and the sovereign as its temporal head.

Anglicans uphold the Catholic and Apostolic faith. Following the teachings of Jesus Christ, the Churches are committed to the proclamation of the good news of the Gospel to the whole creation. In practice this is based on the revelation contained in Holy Scripture and the Catholic creeds, and is interpreted in light of Christian tradition, scholarship, reason and experience.

Worship is at the very heart of Anglicanism. Its styles vary from simple to elaborate, or even a combination. Until the late twentieth century the great uniting text was The Book of Common Prayer

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Started by German, Martin Luther, early 16th century

inspired by Erasmus' "Praise of Folly"

Luther concerned with sale of indulgences (like by Tetzel)

Salvation granted through faith in God

Bible is sole authority in religious affairs

Luther's 95 theses discussed abuses in sale of indulgences and papacy in general with other issues including: clergy holding multiple benefices, absenteeism, uneducated/illiterate priests, simony (buying religious power), nepotism (give church position to family member)

Clergy should have right to marry, celibacy is unnatural

Divorce is permitted

Role of women should be one of proper social hierarchy, with husbandly authority and wifely obedience

Believe bread and wine is symbol of Christ (consubstantiation)

Worship of vernacular nature

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Adult baptism advocated

Believe state should not play dominant role in church; separation of church and state

People cannot hold political office or bear arms

Literal interpretation of Bible

Congregational democracy

Religious tolerance

share property

Wanted to rebaptize believers who had been baptized as children

Regarded as dangerous radicals

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Also referred to as the Reformed tradition or Reformed Christianity, it is a branch of Protestantism that follows the tradition and forms of John Calvin. Five tenants:
1. Total Depravity: Sin has extended to every part of a person's personality - his thinking, his emotions, his will.
2. Unconditional Election: God chose those whom he was pleased to bring to a knowledge of himself, based upon the counsel of his own will
3. Limited Atonement: God only died for certain people's sins and for the invisible Church - the sum of all those who would ever rightly bear the name "Christian"
4. Irresistible Grace: The Gospel of Christ will always penetrate our hard, sinful hearts and save us through the inward call of the Holy Spirit
5. Perseverance of the Saints: The saints will remain in God's hand until they are glorified and brought to abide with him in heaven.

Men and women cannot actively work to achieve salvation->predestination, or the teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merits or works
Calvinism focuses on the rule of God over all things, shown through Scripture, God, Humanity, Salvation, and the Church.

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The Catholic Church is highly liturgical, so very ceremony-based

The Catholic Church emphasizes the importance of hierarchy, from the low parish priests to bishops, to archbishops, to Pope Francis himself

The Virgin Mary is one of their most important religious figures, "Mother of God."

Transubstantiation: The elements of Eucharist (bread and wine) become the body and blood of Christ

Sacraments:

Baptism

Confirmation

The Eucharist

Penance

Extreme Unction

Marriage

Holy Orders