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Ament, V. 2014. The Foley Grail: The Art of Performing Sound for Film, Games, and Animation, Routledge, London.

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Voice-overs are recorded in a soundproof recording booth, and if it is being done professionally most booths have large diaphragm condenser microphones as they produce the best rich quality audio.

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A voice-over is read from a script and is generally recorded by someone who will be featured in the production at some point. They are sometimes used to create ironic counterpoint, to go against what an actor is saying.

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Here is an example of Dialogue being used to portrays Tyler’s inner thoughts in Fight Club.

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Fight Club - Scene from the IKEA catalog

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In movies, dialogue is essential as it is the main source of audio. One type of non-diegetic dialogue which is becoming more common is voice-overs. A voice over is a technique added in post-production where a voice is overlaid over the visuals - however if it’s an animation production the voice-overs are generally created first. It is most commonly used to represent someone's thoughts, tell someone's story or to narrate a situation.

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It’s film score is almost entirely made up of string instruments and it sounds rather violent. One of the reasons Marion’s death scene in psycho is so iconic is because of the non-diegetic, incidental music heard in the background.

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The Shower - Psycho (5/12) Movie CLIP (1960) HD

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A perfect example of this is the Psycho Theme.

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Music/Film Scores are original pieces of music created specifically for a movie and becomes part of a soundtrack. They are supposed to be felt more than heard. The musical styling of a film score depends on the genre of movie it is for and in some cases it will include dialogue and/or sound effects. It is made up of different instruments and is designed to enhance the scene it will be played in.

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The sound of cars zooming close by and over the toys was filmed the exact opposite way of what it sounds like. How this sound was achieved was by standing on a motorway bridge and recording the sound of trucks and cars passing underneath the recorder, and with a little adjusting on some audio software, the illusion of cars passing over the toys was created.

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Interviw with Gary Rydsrom, Sound designer on Toy Story. There are also some uplifting comments from John Lasseter the Director

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Atmospheric sounds are particularly important in animated films such as Toy Story as it makes the film come to life.

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My other favorite scene from Toy Story 2

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There are three different types of ambient sound. There is Transient which is quick, abrupt sounds like the smashing of a plate. Theres also evolving sounds which consist of longer periods of noise such as the hum of an L.E.D light and finally there are speech sounds which are self-explanatory.

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Atmospheric sounds such as restaurant noises and background chatter can be crucial in a film as it can sometimes be the best way to add depth and realism. Depending on where you record the audio depends on what microphone is best. If you are recording the sound outside then an Ultra-directional microphone would work best as the more directional a recorder is, the greater the extent it picks up sound.

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Toy story 2 woody is trying to get his arm back

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Uploaded by Ultimate Woody fan on 2015-07-31.

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Nothing in a movie is real including most sounds you hear such as footsteps and picking up a gun so it is the job of a foley to re-create these realistic ambient sounds in the studio. The whole aim of these sound effects is that they sync up with the movie and are unnoticed by the audience. An example of this is in Toy Story, the scene where bullseye licks woody’s face. The foley artist Gary Rydstrom achieved this by going out into the field instead of just sticking to a recording studio. He smeared peanut butter on a man’s face and recorded a cow licking it off.

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Most Sound effects for movies and tv shows are produced post-production in a recording studio by a foley artist, but some can also be created outside.

Different types of microphones are used when creating the sound effects but extremely sensitive condenser microphones work very well for indoor sessions. Foley artists use random objects to recreate a sound, they never use the item you see on screen. For example if they needed to record the sound of someone walking on snow they wouldn't use real snow, they would use cornstarch in a leather sack

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In the nanny death scene, there is no intense music in the background, but in fact contrapuntal, diegetic music. As the scene is based during a child’s birthday party, in the background the only music you hear is the light jingle of a carousel going round. This is rather unusual for any of the Omen films, but it is very effective as it makes viewers feel more uncomfortable as it is not the sound you expect to hear during such a disturbing scene.

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However, one of the most iconic kills in The Omen is slightly different.

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This is done on purpose to make the audience feel nervous, on edge and scared. Without the music in the background during the death scenes I truly believe the movies would be nowhere near as iconic as they are. Even the theme tune sounds like a satanic ritual is being performed.

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Uploaded by Vindobona Awstriae on 2015-03-14.

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Music plays an important part in any production if used in the correct way and can be very powerful. Any audio or visual media contains music at some point, whether it is 2 seconds or a whole song. Most of the time the music is incidental as it’s purpose is to emphasise the situation and create an atmosphere. Music is also almost always non-diegetic in horror movies for a similar reason, to make the audience nervous and to build up tension . The 1970’s horror series ‘The Omen’ dramatic, satanic sounding music that gradually gets louder, is used in every death scene. I have linked an example below.

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No "Real" cars or "People" were harmed in the making of this film. Another GTA V video for you guys hope you enjoy it :)

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Every ambient noise, every individual gunshot, every car crash and every footstep, even the dialogue is made through ways you may not expect, most sound effects, take a bone snapping for example, are not made by re-creating the action, it’s made by other means such as snapping a carrot in half.

In video games, sound effects are essential to the game as they create the sense of realism. Without any sound effects in games such as Grand Theft Auto and Black Ops, the player wouldn't receive any feedback and wouldn’t be able to hear who/what was around them, and also the obvious fact that sound just makes the game more exciting.

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“Foley is the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality.” 

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“Foley is the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality.” 

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Sound effects are anything other than dialogue that is made artificially and put in during the editing process and are very common in any production because they can be used to make obvious sounds such as a high five to something as dramatic as a bone breaking or a window smashing. Asynchronous sound effects are heavily used in video games as they are just codes and pixels, meaning every single sound has to be sourced from somewhere or created by foley artists. Grand Theft Auto is rated highly for it’s extensive range of sound effects. In the game play linked here every single sound heard, as well a dialogue is artificial and is made in a studio setting by foley artist.

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The Archers Radio 4, from a 1984 episode

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Part of an episode from 1984. Neil (Brian Hewlett) and Jethro (George Hart) attend to an orphaned lamb, and Joe (Haydn Jones) and Clarrie (Heather Bell) discuss the wedding of Susan and Neil, later that week.

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In the first 30 seconds of the episode there is already three different ambient sound; birds tweeting, a door closing, and a vehicle running, and based on the nature of the show it sounds like a tractor, this informs people that the characters are on a farm. Ambient noises are imperative in an audio drama as it is how a visual is created hence why so many were used in just under 30 seconds. If these noises were not added, listeners would have no idea of the setting.

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Ambient sound is the background noise in a visual media product. Ambient sound generally consists of natural noises such as wind, water and birds tweeting. These sounds are generally unnoticeable as they are in the background but they are important when it comes to creating mis-en-scene. These noises can be created in 2 different ways; by a foley or by going out to the natural source of the noise and recording it. The Archers is the world's longest running radio soap opera and is the perfect example of the use of ambient sound.

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Sound is important in all aspects of visual and audio media as it helps to inform, educate and entertain the audience as it helps set the scene and create a visual even when there isn’t one i.e. in radio. For example, in the short film “LoveField’ right at the beginning you hear a phone making a noise that suggests someone tried calling for help but it failed to connect. This is a way of informing the audience that the person is in some sort of trouble without giving too much away about the film. This is also an example of using sound to educate the audience. Another example of how sound can be used to educate in a visual media product is by the use of a narrator as this is a non-diegetic way of  relaying information to the audience. Sound is used to inform Lastly sound can be used to entertain the audience. In the series ‘Friends’ you often hear non-diegetic sounds such as clapping or laughing, this is purely to exaggerate the humour in the show and encourage the audience to laugh.