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"If we start with feminisms' first contribution - making women visible - an early contribution of feminist theorists is revealing that women were and are routinely exposed to gendered violence." The first step for feminists is to make the issue/problem, gender inequality, known as a problem. Over the past hundreds of years women were always thought of as less than men, the first step is to help others understand that even though this may be "normal", doesn't make it right. Just because this is the way it has been before, doesn't mean it's the way our society needs to continue. The first step is realizing it's a problem.

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“Masculinity is often associated with rationality, power, independence and the public sphere. Femininity is often associated with irrationality, in need of protection, domesticity and the private sphere. These socially and politically produced gender identities shape and influence global interactions, and IR as theory – and global politics as practice – also produces such gendered identities in perpetuating assumptions about who should do what and why.”
This quote makes sense because most of the military is consistent of men due to their “successful” male characteristics. Business management is often composed of men because it is believed that men think more rationally and are less emotional

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"What this means is that socially constructed gender identities also determine distributions of power, which impact where women are in global politics. " (smith, 3)
The quote our group chose was the strongest because gender determines how much respect and power you have in the workforce. Feminine traits are devalued.
ex. Wearing a dress to work is seen as too feminine so that causes the male worker to assume that she has no position of power.

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"Mr. Trump — with his fragile ego and his particularly obsessive concern with his reputation for manliness — may have brought these dynamics to the surface, but they have been there all along, if in less crude and lurid ways." (Cohn 1)

This line aptly sums up how flagrant and nonchalant Donald Trump was when making explicit comments that are generally just displays of power, and manliness.

Example:
1. "I'm automatically attracted to beautiful women — I just start kissing them. It's like a magnet. Just kiss. I don't even wait. When you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. Grab 'em by the *****. You can do anything." (Secret video recording, 2005)

The constant misogyny from the former President undermined many women trying to earn respect in the political arena.

https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/reports/a42442/donald-trump-women-sexist-quotes/

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Cast your mind back to when all you knew about Donald Trump was that he was a turbo-tanned, wealthy businessman who did the bit Alan Sugar does on the US version of The Apprentice. Oh, life was so much simpler then.

When it comes to women, much of what has tripped out of Trump's mouth hasn't exactly been great. But now, despite his derogatory views on women and minorities, Trump is hoping to secure his second term as the 45th President of the United states of America. So, just in case you weren't feeling concerned enough about the potential outcome of Tuesday's US presidential election, here are 25 real things Trump has actually said about women.

2. "Look at that face. Would anyone vote for that? Can you imagine that, the face of our next next president? I mean, she's a woman, and I'm not supposed to say bad things, but really, folks, come on. Are we serious?" (About Carly Fiorina, his one-time Republican rival, 2015)

4. "I like kids. I mean, I won't do anything to take care of them. I'll supply funds and she'll take care of the kids. It's not like I'm gonna be walking the kids down Central Park." (An interview with Howard Stern, 2005)

5. "[Arianna Huffington] is unattractive both inside and out. I fully understand why her former husband left her for a man - he made a good decision." (Twitter, 2012)

6. "[Kamala Harris is] this monster that was onstage with Mike Pence, who destroyed her last night, by the way. I thought that wasn't even a contest last night. She was terrible. I don't think you could get worse. And totally unlikeable." (In an interview the day after the vice presidential debate, 2020)

8. [About New York Democratic congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez] "This is not even a smart person, other than she's got a good line of stuff. I mean, she goes out and she yaps." (In an interview with Fox Business Network, 2020)

9. "All of the women on The Apprentice flirted with me - consciously or unconsciously. That's to be expected." (How to Get Rich, 2004)

10. "If Hillary Clinton can't satisfy her husband what makes her think she can satisfy America?" (Twitter, 2015)
11. [About his daughter Ivanka] "... she does have a very nice figure. I've said if Ivanka weren't my daughter, perhaps I'd be dating her." (ABC's 'The View', March 6, 2006 13 . After Fox News presenter Megyn Kelly confronted Trump about his disparaging comments about women on live TV he called her "a bimbo" (Fox News, August 2015) )
12. [About his wife] "She's not giving me 100 percent. She's giving me 84 percent, and 16 percent is going towards taking care of children." (, May 23, 2011)

14. "Often when I was sleeping with one of the top women in the world I would say to myself, thinking about me as a boy from Queens, 'Can you believe what I am getting?'" (Think Big: Make it Happen in Business and Life, 2008)

15. "I have really given a lot of women great opportunity. Unfortunately, after they are a star, the fun is over for me." (ABC's 'Primetime Live', March 10, 1994)

16. [On women] "You have to treat 'em like shit." (magazine, Nov. 9, 1992)

17. "Rosie's a loser. A real loser. I look forward to taking lots of money from my nice fat little Rosie." He has also called Rosie rude, obnoxious, dumb, a pig, and pretty much every other insult you can think of. ( About TV host Rosie O'Donnell who blasted Trump for having an affair and leaving his wife, 2006)

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19. "Women are really a lot different than portrayed. They are far worse than men, far more aggressive ... " (The Art of the Comeback, 1997)

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22. "You're disgusting," to a breastfeeding mother when she asked for a medical break during a legal deposition so she could pump breast milk for her 3-month-old daughter. (New York Times, July 2015)

23. Trump reduced all women's significance to being "a young and beautiful piece of ass", when he told an Esquire journalist in response to his bad press: "You know, it really doesn't matter what they write as long as you've got a young and beautiful piece of ass. But she's got to be young and beautiful." ( Esquire, 1991)

24. "Sarah Jessica Parker voted 'unsexiest woman alive' - I agree" (Facebook, October 26, 2012)

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Well, there we are then. Will Donald Trump remain the President of the United States? We'll have to wait and see.

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25 things Donald Trump has actually said about women

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Cast your mind back to when all you knew about Donald Trump was that he was a turbo-tanned, wealthy businessman who did the bit Alan Sugar does on the US version of The Apprentice. Oh, life was so much simpler then. When it comes to women, much of what has tripped out of Trump's mouth hasn't exactly been great.

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Quote: " One white male physicist told me that he and colleagues were once modeling a limited nuclear attack when he suddenly voiced dismay that they were talking so casually about “only 30 million” immediate deaths. “It was awful — I felt like a woman,” he said. "

1. Why choose it?
- shows how womens voices have always been left out -> things have been decided for them without their input
2. Why important in learning and IR?
- representation in IR -> included in war decision making
3. One example.
- Russia sending men to war without regard for the vulnerable they leave behind
- consequences of potential injury and death
- loss of human capital

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"In 2015 the World Bank estimated that globally women made up just 22.9% of national parliaments"
- Smith

We chose this one because it's a shocking statistic that we didn't know about. This stat does a good job of summarizing the unfair position of woman in politics.

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Overt impugning of masculinity is still only the most surface level at which ideas
about gender play out in strategic thinking. They work in deeper, more subtle ways too. The culturally pervasive associations of masculinity with dispassion, distance,abstraction, toughness and risk-taking, and of femininity with emotion, empathy,bodily vulnerability, fear and caution, are embedded within the professional discourse. (Cohn, 2)

In short, this applies stereotypical gender norms to the political world, implying that it is an unconscious, unnoticed impact that guides people and their decisions.

This is illustrated within the article as it says "During the Cuban missile crisis, when Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Nitze disparaged some of President John F. Kennedy’s more cautious decisions by calling him a “pantywaist,” he made it clear that anyone who let himself be governed by fear of setting off a nuclear war was a sissy." (Cohn, 2)

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During the Cuban missile crisis, when Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Nitze disparaged some of President John F. Kennedy’s more cautious decisions by calling him a “pantywaist,” he made it clear that anyone who let himself be governed by fear of setting off a nuclear war was a sissy.

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The culturally pervasive associations of masculinity with dispassion, distance, abstraction, toughness and risk-taking, and of femininity with emotion, empathy, bodily vulnerability, fear and caution, are embedded within the professional discourse.
Example:
An example of this is Kamala Harris. How she is not seen or taken seriously as the vice president which is traditionally a male dominated role because she is a woman of color, who is stereotyped as always emotional and sensitive.