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Your struggle now is building the strength you need for you to happen or your dream so don’t give up.

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Wait until you become

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Life isn't about finding yourself ,life is all about creating yourself

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"If you're afraid to fail, then you're probably going to fail"-Kobe Bryant

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“Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” -Confucius

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A bad days end in 24hours, You can always start tomorrow

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“Owning our story and loving ourselves through that process is the bravest thing that we'll ever do.”

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CRITERIA IN CHOOSING APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT TOOLS USE OF RUBRICS, CHECKLIST AND RATING SCALE

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CRITERIA IN CHOOSING APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT TOOLS USE OF RUBRICS, CHECKLIST AND RATING SCALE

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• ASSESSMENT METHODS - are the strategies, techniques, tools and instruments for collecting information to determine the extent to which students demonstrate desired learning outcomes. Teachers need to select tools to assess student achievement in the target outcome(s).

The following may be considered in choosing appropriate assessment tools:
1. Goals of assessment
2. Methods of assessment, either direct or indirect;
3. The interval in giving assessment

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The teacher may either be utilizing direct or indirect method		

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The teacher may either be utilizing direct or indirect method		

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Examples of Direct Method are:
• Examination
• Written assignments
• Oral presentations
• Performances
Examples of Indirect Method are:
• Student satisfaction surveys
• Surveys of students and alumni
• Exit interviews with graduating students
• Student participation rates
• Reflective essays
• Data on placement
• Other measures of post-graduation performance etc.

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The teacher may consider the following characteristics in selecting appropriate assessment tools whether conventional or ict – based assessment

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The teacher may consider the following characteristics in selecting appropriate assessment tools whether conventional or ict – based assessment

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1. Measure the desired level of performance (level or satisfaction, productivity, efficiency, student performance.
2. Cost effective in terms of effort, time and money
3. Useful that will produce results that provide information that can used in making decisions to improve student learning
4. Reasonably accurate and truthful
5. Dependable, consistent responses over time
6. Evidence of being on-going, not once and done

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- A rubric is a set of criteria used to determine scoring for an assignments, performance, or product. This can be used to score many kinds of written assignments or exams, projects, speeches, or e-Portfolio.

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1.Analytic rubrics – It describe work on each criterion separately. It utilizes separate, holistic ratings of specific characteristics, products or behaviors
2.Holistic rubric – it describe the work by applying all the criteria at the same time and enabling an overall judgment, about the quality of the work. It utilizes holistic rating for a product or behavior

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•Technology can be used for assessing student learning in various purposes.

•An electronic examination which is also called computer-based assessment (CBA).

•Computer-based testing (CBT) or an equivalent electronics device in which the delivery, responses and assessment are effected electronically.

•E-exam were developed more than four decades ago for professional certification in the IT industry and progressively evolving as a preferred alternative to Paper-Pencil-Test (PPT) In schools, universities, recruiting firms as well as private and public organizations (Bulama Bukar, Bello & Baba Ibi,M, 2016).

•Computer-Based-Testing is more efficient than Paper-Based-Test

•

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Computerized delivery of objective tests has more advantages compared to paper-pencil-test which include the following:

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Computerized delivery of objective tests has more advantages compared to paper-pencil-test which include the following:

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1. The creation of item bank of questions invites the possibility of each student being presented with a paper made up of different questions, but of an equivalent standard.
2.  Automatic computerized marking facilitates immediate feedback for the students.
3. Students can be invited to sit tests as frequently as they find useful.
4. Computerized recording of results facilitates the analysis of groups’ responses to questions.

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• Is the common assessment procedure utilized by teacher to gather formal evidence about pupil learning.
• It refers to a general group of assessment tools in which students read questions and respond in writing.
• This includes tests, such as knowledge and ability tests, and inventories, such as personality and interest inventories.

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An Electronic portfolio which is also known as an e-Portfolio, digital portfolio, or online portfolio is an collection of electronic evidence assembled and managed by a user, usually on the Web (Zimmerman, 2012).

Types of e-Portfolios

• Ideal Portfolio
• Showcase/Professional Portfolio
• Documentation Portfolio
• Learning Portfolio
• Evaluation/Assessment Portfolio

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E-portfolios provide a rich resource for both students and faculty to learn about achievement of important outcomes over time, make connections among disparate parts of the curriculum, gain insights leading to improvement, and develop identities as learners or as facilitators of learning.

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•Assessment is very important in student learning . There are many approaches to assessment in learning with and emphasis on the process of learning along  with the product of learning. The ultimate measure of student’s competence is performance. Development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has thrown open numerous possibilities for assessing student learning and providing immediate feedback.

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• Formative Assessment – Provides feedback and information during the instructional process,  while learning is taking place, and while learning is occurring.

• Summative Assessment – takes place after the learning has been completed and provides information and feedback that sums up the teaching and learning process.

• Diagnostic Assessment – Can help you identify your student current knowledge of a subject, their skill sets and capabilities, and to clarify misconceptions before teaching takes places.

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• Authentic Assessment – Describes the multiple forms of assessment that reflect student learning, achievement, motivation, and attitudes on instructionally relevant classroom activities.

• Evaluative assessment – This is concerned only with evaluating assessment. The overall idea is to evaluate the assessment in the school or in the system or in the department. Evaluation of candidates helps in assessing and judging whether the candidates are capable enough for the learning program.

• Norm – referenced test (NRT) – Is used to assess or evaluate with the aim of determining  the position of the tested individual against a predefined group on the traits being measured

• Performance – based Assessment – This is also known as education assessment in which the skills, attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of the student are checked to improve the standard of leaning.

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• Selective response Assessment – This refers to the objective assessments including multiple choice true or false and matching questions. It is a very selective effective efficient method to measure the knowledge of students and is also the most common  method of assessment for students in the classroom.

• Criterion-referenced tests – This kind of assessment determines the performance of student against a fixed set of pre-determined and agreed upon criteria or the learning of students. Unlike norm-referenced test here without reference is made against a particular criterion other than a benchmark or a human being or another student.

• Written and Oral Assessment – These  include projects, term papers, exam papers, essays etc. The primary objective behind the written assessment is to determine the knowledge and understanding of the student. Written assessments are performed under the supervision of the teacher and the questions are given on the assessment day with limited time to answer the questions.

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B. THE ROLE OF ICT IN ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING 

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B. THE ROLE OF ICT IN ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING 

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There are new technologies created to provide students with higher level thinking skills, particularly the aspects of creative and critical thinking, and the opportunity t0 teach and assess  those skills. The use of  ICT in assessment is very helpful to teacher s because students information and results of examination can be recorded and stored and can easily be retrieved. With the use of ICT , the teachers can right away give feedback to students on the results of assessment. Feedback from the computer during the use of test  material improves student performance in later  use of the same test material.

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C. CURRENT TRENDS in ASSESSMENT of LEARNING

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C. CURRENT TRENDS in ASSESSMENT of LEARNING

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WHAT IS ASSESSMENT?
- ASSESSMENT IS THE PROCESS OF GATHERING EVIDENCE OF STUDENTS PERFORMANCE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME TO DETERMINE LEARNING AND MASTERY SKILLS.

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FORMS OF DIALOGUE RECORD
TEST AND WRITTEN WORK
JOURNALS
PRESENTATION
PORTFOLIOS

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• UTILIZING MULTIPLE MEASURES OF ASSESSMENT
• INCREASING THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY
• FOCUS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THELEARNERS
• DIFFERENTIATING THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBLITIES OF THE TEACHERS, ADMIISTRATORS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS

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CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 

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CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 

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1.eLearning
• Educational content is delivered to learners through computers, laptops, tablets, or smartphones.

2. Video-assissted Learning
• Students learn through computer screens.
• Videos, especially animated videos, are extremely beneficial to enrich lessons and make content comprehensible.
• It improves students’ outcomes and reduces teachers’ workload.

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3. Blockchain Technology
• Blockchain technology is a data storage.
• Every time new data is added, it adds another “block” to the system, so the storage is technically limitless. Simultaneously, the data will be encrypted and distributed across multiple computers in the system.
• It makes transacting data decentralized and transparent.

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• AI can automate basic activities in education, like grading.
• It’s now possible for teachers to automate grading of the multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions. Thus, automated grading of students’ writing may not be far behind.

5. Gamification
• Students can learn and practice while they are joining in on exciting game activities.
• Gaming elements help create a funny and positive learning environment for learners.

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ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO
• An Electronic Portfolio which is also known as an eportfolio, Digital Portfolio, or Online Portfolio.
• Is a collection of electronic evidence assembled and managed by a user, usually on the web (Zimmermanm 2012).

Types of e-portfolio
• Ideal Portfolio
• Showcase/Professional ePortfolios
• Documentation Portfolio
• Learning ePortfolios
• Evaluation/Assessment ePortfolios

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1.Ideal Portfolio
- It contains all work of student’s. It is not given to provide student’s a grade.

2.Showcase/Professional ePortfolio
- These ePortfolio are primarily a way to demonstrate (showcase) the highlights of a student’s academic career.

3.Documentation Portfolio
- It involves a collection of work over time showing Growth and improvement reflecting students’ Learning of identified outcomes.

4.Learning ePortfolio
- These portfolios are typically created by a student as a part of a learning Activity as a way to demonstrate learning and the learning process.
5.Evaluation/Assessment ePortfolio
- The teacher may utilize this for both formative and summative assessments feedback.