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Environmental health inequalities in Europe Second assessment report Summary

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Environmental health inequalities in Europe Second assessment report Summary

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https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/404640/WHO-report-SUMMARY-ENG-WEB.pdf

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We also have a better understanding of environmental inequalities and therefore are able to create a tailored approach, however we can see in the reports attached below that while there have been improvements in a lot of countries there is still along way to go as environmental progress is not shared equally with some areas and sub-groups not really benefitting from improvements.
"The lack of data on inequalities in environmental conditions restricts a broad assesment in many countries and therefore represents a major concern" (WHO, 2019)
While this seems negative it is actually positive as it has highlighted the area of improvement.
In the same assesment report summary by WHO it is stated that
"Environmental conditions have improved markedly in most countries in the WHO European Region, and the incidence of fatal injuries has decreased. These improvements are marred by marked inequalities, however, as many population subgroups cannot benefit from them."
Environmental conditions are not the same everywhere and for everyone.

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Environmental health inequalities resource package - A tool for understanding and reducing inequalities in environmental risk

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Environmental health inequalities resource package - A tool for understanding and reducing inequalities in environmental risk

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https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/420543/WHO-EH-inequalities-resource-package.pdf

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How does Income Relate to Life expectancy

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How Does Income Relate to Life Expectancy--HD

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There are now iniatives in place to help improve the health and well-being of the population with areas of study specialised on certain aspects such as the health of women, children and adolescents. Today's in society we see such things as better pre/post natal care, access to birth control, but inequalities are still rife, in a number of research studies within this we can see huge differences with mortality rates of low income and high income areas, a good example is provided by Professor Hans Rosling in his talk on 'How does income relate to life expectancy'.

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https://www.england.nhs.uk/ltphimenu/definitions-for-health-inequalities/

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The Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health, 2016-2030

https://www.who.int/life-course/partners/global-strategy/global-strategy-2016-2030/en/

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Place-based approaches for reducing health inequalities: main report Published 29 July 2019 (PHE, 2019)

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Place-based approaches for reducing health inequalities: main report Published 29 July 2019 (PHE, 2019)

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The aims of the ‘Place-based approaches for reducing health inequalities’ are to:

reinforce a common understanding of the complex causes and costs of health inequalities

provide a practical framework and tools for places to reduce health inequalities

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https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-inequalities-place-based-approaches-to-reduce-inequalities/place-based-approaches-for-reducing-health-inequalities-main-report

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GalsterG et al. van Ham M Manley D Bailey N The mechanism(s) of neighbourhood effects: theory, evidence, and policy implications

Neighbourhood Effects Research: New Perspectives 2012 Dordrecht, the NetherlandsSpringer Science+Business Media2356

Google Scholar
Professor Hans Rosling How Does Income Relate to Life Expectancy? Gapminder.org

Public Health England Place-based approaches for reducing health inequalities: main report 2019
Source: Based on Saskatoon Health Region (2017), © 2017, Saskatchewan Health Authority.
World Health Organisation. The Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health, 2016-2030
World Health Organisation regional office for Europe, Environmental health inequalities resource package A tool for understanding and reducing inequalities in environmental risk. 05/12/20 page7 https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/420543/WHO-EH-inequalities-resource-package.pdf
World Health Organisation regional office for Europe, Environmental health inequalities in Europe Second assessment report Summary 05/12/20 page6 https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/404640/WHO-report-SUMMARY-ENG-WEB.pdf

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In a paper written by Galster he has grouped 15 mechanisms into 4 main categories.
(Galster, 2010) identified 4 board mechanisms of neighborhood influences on health 1) social interactive 2) environmental 3) geographical 4) institutional

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This concept has been vital in the identification of key differences in health within the population and has allowed us to pin point areas that need to be improved in order to better health.
Health Inequalities as a concept has been and will continue to be essentail for improving health and well-being for the population.
There are many avenues to consider and explore with regards to Health Inequalities, some researchers have  group their work into smaller bite sized categories as seen with (Galster, 2010) and also (PHE, 2019) research.

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"Health inequalities are unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population, and between different groups within society.  Health inequalities arise because of the conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work and age. These conditions influence our opportunities for good health, and how we think, feel and act, and this shapes our mental health, physical health and wellbeing". (NHS England)

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The Mechanism(s) of Neighborhood Effects Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications

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The Mechanism(s) of Neighborhood Effects Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications

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http://archive.clas.wayne.edu/Multimedia/DUSP/files/G.Galster/St_AndrewsSeminar-Mechanisms_of_neigh_effects-Galster_2-23-10.pdf