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Two ways new expressions in popular culture are spread are hierarchical diffusion and relocation diffusion. Terms spread through hierarchical diffusion by people copying what a leader or celebrity said. If a celebrity says a certain word a lot, a lot of people will copy and it will become mainstream. Terms spread through contagious diffusion by people talking how people around them talk. If a friend starts to use certain words, soon you will too, and it will spread to others around you. Terms spread through relocation diffusion by people moving to another location and they keep saying the term. After a while, people around them will start to say it too. One barrier people new terms face when they become popular is a difference in definition. If one culture has a definition to a word that differs from the spreading one, they will be confused and may not catch on to it. Another barrier new terms will face is a difference in language. A term might not be able to spread if cultures around it don't understand the term or context of it.

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2. Sacred sites have affected the cultural landscape by deciding where people live. For example, many Muslims live in, or near, Saudi Arabia so that they can participate in Hajj at Mecca. Several religions take place in burying their dead. However, in someplaces such as Southern United States the ground has too much moisture, so they can not bury their dead. This could cause some that are keen on burying not to live there. Every religion's place of worship has its own uniqueness to it. This affects what much of an area's architecture might look like. For example, France was heavily populated with catholics, so there are several cathedrals. Religion plays a big part in place names. If a founder of a new city is very involved with a certain fatih, they are likely to name their city after a particular spiritual person. For example, several US cities are named after catholic saints such as: St. Augustine, FL; San Antonio, TX; and Saint Louis, MO.

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2. Sacred sites shape the cultural landscape because it affects the type of people that will live there. For example, a certain religious group may live in a certain place because they are located close to a sacred site. Religion has also shaped cultural landscape because of architecture. Throughout the years, architecture has changed and grown due to religion. For example, if the majority of the population of a city is Christian, then there will be an influx of churches in that city. Another way religion has shaped cultural landscape is through place names.

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A) Two specific ways new expressions in popular culture are diffused is hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion.
B)  Relocation diffusion spreads by one person moving to a new location and continuing to say the phrase; then the people around them eventually begin to say the new phrase as well. Contagious diffusion spreads new terms by one person saying a new term on an online video, and it goes viral. Hierarchical diffusion spreads new terms by a celebrity saying a new term and then the people who follow that celebrity begin to say it as well.
C) One barrier that the diffusion of new words face is language differences. Some words in one language may not be able to be translated to mean the same thing in another language. Another barrier in diffusion is age differences. Older age groups tend to not want to use new terms or words. .

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Cultural landscape has been shaped by religion in different ways. Most sacred sites for religions are located near the hearth of that religion. One example is Mecca which is considered the most holy site in Islam which is also the hearth of Islam. Different religions have their own method of burying the dead. In Christianity, Islam, and Judaism the dead are buried in cemitaries. Christians used to bury the dead near the church but as they quickly got crowded separate cemeteries were built. Different religions have their own places of worship and each of those places are different. Even within different branches of the same religion there may be differences in the architecture. Catholic churches may have a more decorated and complex exterior compared to Protestant churches which tend to be simpler. People who named places could have been part of a specific religion and named the place accordingly. A large number of places have “Saint”, “San”, or “Sao” in them such as San Francisco and San Diego in California and St. Petersburg in Florida.

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3 (A) Popular Culture can be diffused globally by the spread of hierarchical and contagious diffusion.
3 (B)  These terms can be spread through relocation diffusion by people saying these words and relocating to different areas, and more and more people start to catch on, which will eventually cause the spread to turn global and become popular culture. These terms can be spread through contagious diffusion by a video that blows up and spreads rapidly across the globe, which turns into a popular culture. These terms can be spread through hierarchical diffusion by a certain trend or idea,  and that idea attracts  certain people interested in that idea, this causes the idea to go viral and become a popular culture.
3(C) One barrier diffusion may encounter is when folk cultures reject the ideas and thoughts of popular culture. Another barrier diffusion faces is language. Language can be translated incorrectly and cause confusion, which can change the original message.

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A) Two ways that new expressions in popular culture are diffused globally are by contagious diffusion and relocation diffusion.

B) New expression and terms can be spread through relocation diffusion which happens when someone migrates or relocates and causes the new term to spread throughout their new location. Contagious diffusion can spread new terms if someone begins using a new term and the people around them start using it and it continues to spread. Hierarchical diffusion can also spread new terms if a famous person or celebrity begins to use a new term, and then others follow and begin to use and spread the term.

C) One barrier to diffusion and the diffusion of new terms is language. If a term doesn’t mean anything or make sense to a language then they won’t use it or spread it. Another barrier in diffusion is appeal. Some people might not care about the new term or like it, so they won’t spread it around or start using it.

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A) Two ways new expressions in popular culture are diffused is by contagious diffusion and hierarchical diffusion.
B) New expression are spread through relocation diffusion because as people move they bring their language or slang with them. Contagious diffusion can spread new expressions because people may catch on to the terms that others use while surrounded by them. Hierarchical  diffusion can spread new expressions because the slang that celebrities use will become popular and more people will be influenced to use it.
C) One language barrier can be comprehension because if people from another place can't define or understand a word then they won't use it. Another barrier can be language preservation because if people have their own language they might not want to mix in another language with it because sooner or later their language will no longer be sacred or it will become extinct.