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Question: Propose 2 methods for mitigating human impact on forests.                   Weak response: Prescribed burns and only purchasing sustainable wood products will mitigate the human impacts on forests.      

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Question: Propose 2 methods for mitigating human impact on forests.                   Weak response: Prescribed burns and only purchasing sustainable wood products will mitigate the human impacts on forests.      

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Strong Answer: Enforcing stricter regulations (putting a quota) on the number of trees cut or burned per day as well as restore forest landscapes (by planting more trees or fire prevention) that were previously lost in order to mitigate the human impacts.

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5.5) Question: Describe two advantages of drip irrigation

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5.5) Question: Describe two advantages of drip irrigation

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Weak response: Drip irrigation causes less salinization and erosion.

Strong Answer: Drip irrigcation can be beneficial because it acts as a direct link between water and crops. This direct link increases the ability to conserve water as well as nutrients. Furthermore, the direct link reaches the roots, so water is used more efficiently and less is lost to evaporation.

During the installation of micro irrigation systems, rarely does the landscape necessitate excavation and destruction of the land bed’s integrity.

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Human populations grow and decline as a result of different factors such as economic development, education, and birth/death rate. The demographic transition model indicates how the relationship between birth and death rates directly affect population growth. The birth/death rates in stage one are both high, resulting in a low total population. As birth and death rates decrease, both at different rates, total population begins to increase.

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Human populations experience growth when reproduction rate is high, birth rate is high, and death rate is comparatively lower. This is usually an indicator that the population is in the early stages of the demographic transition model, specifically the first and second phases, where education is lacking and knowledge regarding family planning and reproductive contraception is uncommon. Human populations experience decline when the inverse is true, namely when birth rate is relatively lower than death rate. This is usually an indicator that the population has reached its post-industrial stage, where the standard of living and sanitation are high, women are educated, knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health is widespread, and contraceptions are commonly used.

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Question: Describe 2 sustainable agricultural practices.                    Weak response: Crop rotation and no-till plowing helps soil last longer.                 Strong Answer:       

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Question: Describe 2 sustainable agricultural practices.                    Weak response: Crop rotation and no-till plowing helps soil last longer.                 Strong Answer:       

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Crop rotation is a form of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) that reduces the use of pesticides while also decreasing the amount of pests because of the rotation of crops. Rotating the crops can prevent large populations of pests to buildup over time. Another form of IPM would be No-till plowing. This method helps to enrich the soil and reduce help to maintain moisture.

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Describe one negative and one positive effect of the use of wind energy in power generation on the environment.

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Describe one negative and one positive effect of the use of wind energy in power generation on the environment.

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Weak response: Wind energy kills birds but is renewable.

Strong Response: Wind energy is a clean fuel source which means it doesn't release any C02 or toxins that burning fossil fuels release. Wind is also a renewable source, meaning you can't run out of wind. One negative effect is the cost of the turbines and the cost of the battery that is used to store the energy. Also, people don't like to live nearby because of the noise pollution it creates.

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Q: Explain why human populations experience growth and decline.

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Q: Explain why human populations experience growth and decline.

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Weak: Populations grow when more babies are born than people die.

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Question: Describe two effects of fracking for crude oil or natural gas on the environment.                Weak response: Hydrologic fracturing can cause water and air pollution.         Strong Answer:  Hydrologic fracking can cause water pollution if fracking fluid injected into rocks leaks chemicals into the water. This introduction of chemicals may harm aquatic wildlife. Fracking wells may also release chemicals into the air such as formaldehyde that pollute the air.  

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Question: Describe two effects of fracking for crude oil or natural gas on the environment.                Weak response: Hydrologic fracturing can cause water and air pollution.         Strong Answer:  Hydrologic fracking can cause water pollution if fracking fluid injected into rocks leaks chemicals into the water. This introduction of chemicals may harm aquatic wildlife. Fracking wells may also release chemicals into the air such as formaldehyde that pollute the air.  

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Question: Describe one benefit and one drawback of aquaculture 

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Question: Describe one benefit and one drawback of aquaculture 

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Weak response: Prescribed burns and only purchasing sustainable wood products will mitigate the
human impacts on forests.

Strong response: Fish farms hold large amounts of fish in high concentrations which can unintentionally transfer diseases and parasites between different fish populations, increasing the chance of contracting an illness.

As the global population continues to increase, aquaculture is able to keep up the demand for fish as well as efficiently provide protein.

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Distinguish between El Niño and La Niña.

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Distinguish between El Niño and La Niña.

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Weak: El Niño leads to a warm Pacific Ocean and La Niña leads to a warm Pacific Ocean.
Strong: El Niño is a weather phenomenon that is caused by the weakening or change in direction of trade winds, which ultimately leads to warmer temperatures in the water, affecting some species of marine animals and sea birds resulting in migration and wetter weather. La Niña, on the other hand, is essentially the opposite of El Niño, where trade winds and ocean currents bring cooler water up to the surface through upwelling, leading to droughts and dry seasons.

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Question: Describe one negative and one positive effect of the use of hydroelectricity in power
generation on the environment.
Weak response: Hydroelectric dams hurt fish but do not make any waste.
Strong answer: As hydroelectric dams are built in the natural environments for many fish (rivers, lakes, ponds, etc) fish could easily be hurt or even killed by swimming into a dam. Furthermore, the presence of a dam could disrupt mating seasons by preventing populations from meeting if the dam blocks their pathway. On the other hand, hydroelectric dams do not directly release any fossil fuels with each additional amount of energy created, so the presence of the dam does not pollute the surrounding area with pollutants such as CO2, NO2, CH4, etc. that could potentially harm the environment in the body of water or air.

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6.7) Question: Describe one negative and one positive effect of the use of biomass in powergeneration on the environment. 

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6.7) Question: Describe one negative and one positive effect of the use of biomass in powergeneration on the environment. 

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Weak response: Ethanol does not release net CO2 but corn needs a lot of fertilizer to grow.

Strong Answer: One of the benefits of using biomass as fuel is the availability and fast regeneration of sources of biofuel. However, many forms of biofuels (wood, palm oil, ethanol) require large areas for farming which can disrupt natural habitats and cause long term damage to the ecosystem.

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5.6) Question: Describe two ways that farmers can control pest populations

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5.6) Question: Describe two ways that farmers can control pest populations

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Weak Response: Farmers can rotate crops and use biocontrol

Strong Answer: Farmers can use crop rotations to prevent the buildup of large populations of pests that feed on one crop, ie boll weevils for cotton, while also introducing predators and parasites that prey upon pests to reduce pest populations.

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Question: Describe one ecological and one economic impact of resource extraction through mining.
Weak response: Mining creates jobs but can cause acidic drainage.
Strong response: One ecological impact of mining is acidic drainage. Acidic drainage occurs when iron sulfide in the waste from the mine reacts with water and the air to form iron and sulfuric acid. This acidic waste leaves the mining area through waterways and can negatively impact the environment by killing species. For example, many species of fish can only live within a certain pH range. By increasing the water's pH with acidic drainage, it is making the environment too hostile for the fish to survive in. An economic impact of mining is that the engineering, construction and operation of mines require labour, therefore creating jobs and boosting the economy.

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Question: Identify two ambient air pollutants and explain how they can be reduced at the source?  Weak response: CO2 and NO2 come from burning coal and you can burn less coal. 

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Question: Identify two ambient air pollutants and explain how they can be reduced at the source?  Weak response: CO2 and NO2 come from burning coal and you can burn less coal. 

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Strong Response: Nitrogen oxides are produced in virtually all combustion processes in the atmosphere on Earth. Hotter burning condition and the presence of oxygen allow more nitrogen oxide to be generated per unit of fuel burned. In order to reduce Nitrogen Oxides, burn temperatures must be reduced, and the amount of oxygen must be controlled. Additional examples to reduce nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere include installing catalytic converters in your vehicle, and avoiding the use of nitrogen fertilisers.
The production of Co2 can be reduced through a decrease in the amount of coal that is burned. Another way to reduce the production of CO2 is through using renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, instead of coal for energy.

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Question: Describe a cause of and a problem related to overfishing.
Weak response: People accidently kill bycatch which destroys the ocean food web.
Strong Response:
Trawler fishing is a fishing method in which large nets collect large amounts of fish. Eco Sonar allows for exact location of where fish are in deep waters, more accuratley finding the pods of fish. This relates to overfishing because as tech of fishing increases there will be an increase in yeild of fish leaving less in the ocean. Inn addition it increases the likleyhood of bycatch happening, where not target fish get collected and sometimes die in the nets.

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Weak response: IPM is not using pesticides.
Strong response: IPM is a strategy utilized by farmers which is meant to reduce pests to a level where they do not disturb crop outputs, without the excessive usage of pesticides. One example of IPM is the introduction of a predator species such as ladybugs, which will consume the pests, aphids. These ladybugs will effectively eradicate the aphids, while not posing a threat to the plants, or disrupt the economic output of the farm.

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Describe one positive and one negative effect of urbanization on the environment.

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Describe one positive and one negative effect of urbanization on the environment.

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Weak response: Impervious surfaces hurt the water cycle, but people can also use mass transit.
Strong response: A positive effect of urbanization is the increased usage of public transportations which decreases the air pollution emitted from car's burning of gasoline. A negative effect of urbanization is the increase implementations of impervious surfaces such as driveways. Impervious surfaces prevents water from being absorbed by the soil in the ground which decreases the underground water storage. It also leads to runoff entering the ocean, lakes, and rivers and causes water pollution in those bodies of water such as eutrophication.

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you should write the questions weak answer AND your "strong answer"

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you should write the questions weak answer AND your "strong answer"