# data[].attributes.body
Narcolepsy is defined as the tendency to fall asleep when in relaxing surroundings.

# data[].attributes.body
This video gives an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and pathology for Narcolepsy.

Osmosis. Narcolepsy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6C6o4SLbTA (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.body
This infographic gives an outline of the symptoms, social effects, and treatments for people with Narcolepsy.

Flygare, J. Narcolepsy Infographic: What Is Narcolepsy? http://julieflygare.com/narcolepsy-infographic/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.body
This article provides a summary of what narcolepsy is and the different types. There is type 1 which is caused by the loss of orexin neurons and type 2 for which the cause is still unknown. Common symptoms for narcolepsy include sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and insomnia for both types. A common symptom for type 1 is cataplexy or the paralysis of voluntary muscles. This article also list common treatments.

Scammell, T. E. Narcolepsy. https://www-nejm-org.proxy.library.nd.edu/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1500587?articleTools=true (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.headline
Infographic: Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Narcolepsy

# data[].attributes.subject
Infographic: Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Narcolepsy

# data[].attributes.body
This infographic talks about the difference between type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy. It also mentions the possible causes of narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy medical vector illustration infographic. https://vectormine.com/item/narcolepsy-medical-vector-illustration-infographic (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Narcolepsy medical vector illustration infographic - VectorMine

# data[].attributes.body
Cataplexy is triggered by strong emotions and can lead to muscle weakness while the person is still consciousness. The person is essentially paralyzed for a couple of minutes but is still aware of what is going on. The episodes typically begin with weakness of the muscles in the face and neck and eventually spread to the rest of the body.

Scammell, T. E. Narcolepsy. https://www-nejm-org.proxy.library.nd.edu/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1500587?articleTools=true (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.body
Jimmy Kimmel, who is a very popular late-night talk show host, has narcolepsy. He once said on his talk show, "Truth be told, I'd rather have narcolepsy than not have it. When I get on a flight to Vegas, I'll fall asleep before the plane takes off and wake up after it's landed. I'm always very close to sleep."

14 Famous People with Narcolepsy. https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-with-narcolepsy/celebrity-lists (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.body
More than tired is a website that provides information and resources relating to narcolepsy. If someone thinks they have narcolepsy they can go to this website and take a quiz. If you think you have narcolepsy there is a tab that explains how someone can get officially diagnosed. It provides people with narcolepsy resources on how to cope and live with the disease. It also provides general information about the disease like symptoms and causes. This website is sponsored by Jazz Pharmaceuticals. Jazz Pharmaceuticals is a biopharmaceutical company based in Ireland. Their goal is to develop life changing medicines for people with serious disease. Their focus is in neuroscience and this includes sleep disorders.

Narcolepsy Resources. https://www.morethantired.com/narcolepsy-resources/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021).
Medicines. https://www.jazzpharma.com/medicines/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Download educational resources, including screeners, to learn more about narcolepsy and narcolepsy symptoms in adults and children.

# data[].attributes.headline
Narcolepsy isn’t funny’ – living with a sleep disorder

# data[].attributes.subject
Narcolepsy isn’t funny’ – living with a sleep disorder

# data[].attributes.body
This article is from The Guardian and it gives a real account of someone who has lived with Narcolepsy. The author interviews Henry Nicholls who wrote the book Sleep Head. The book is about his life and living with narcolepsy. He acknowledges that sometimes people falling asleep in random places can be funny to people who don't have this disease. This idea that narcolepsy is funny can be seen in the mainstream media when videos of people falling asleep in weird places go viral. However, Nicholls wants to convey to everyone that narcolepsy is a devastating and traumatic disease. These jokes and situations are often not funny for people who actually have the disease. He wants people to know that they shouldn't be making jokes about this disease because it seriously affects the people who are actually living with it.

Hill, A. 'Narcolepsy isn't funny' – living with a sleep disorder. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/25/narcolepsy-isnt-funny-living-with-a-sleep-disorder (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
‘Narcolepsy isn’t funny’ – living with a sleep disorder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The journalist and author Henry Nicholls has been struggling with narcolepsy and other sleep disorders for decades, but for many it’s just a joke. By Amelia Hill

# data[].attributes.headline
Primary Article: Antidepressants being used to treat Narcolepsy

# data[].attributes.subject
Primary Article: Antidepressants being used to treat Narcolepsy

# data[].attributes.body
In this article, the authors explores antidepressants being used as a treatment for narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy fall in to REM sleep during the day unlike people without the disease. Antidepressants can be used to reduce REM sleep by blocking neurotransmitters. The results showed that the antidepressants significantly improved common symptoms of Narcolepsy such as cataplexy episodes and long REM periods.

Jin, L.; Shi, L.; Chen, B.; Wang, X.; Liu, Y. Antidepressants for the treatment of narcolepsy: A prospective study of 148 patients in northern China. https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.library.nd.edu/science/article/pii/S0967586818313766 (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antidepressants being used to treat Narcolepsy

# data[].attributes.headline
Primary Article: Neopeptide Orexin type-2 receptors agonist improve cataplexy symptoms

# data[].attributes.subject
Primary Article: Neopeptide Orexin type-2 receptors agonist improve cataplexy symptoms

# data[].attributes.body
This article provides an explanation of the biochemistry behind narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is believed to be caused by low levels of Orexin. Orexins are neuropeptides that are produced by neurons exclusively located on the lateral hypothalamus. Orexin producing neurons send messages through the central nervous system to several nuclei involved in sleep/wakefulness regulation. The orexin increase wake-promoting neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin that inhibit REM sleep. This article also explores the possibility of using orexin receptor agonist to improve cataplexy symptoms. The orexin receptor YNT-185 was found to reduce cataplexy like episodes and promote wakefulness without affecting body temperature.

Irukayama-Tomobe, Y.; Ogawa, Y.; Tominaga, H.; Ishikawa, Y.; Hosokawa, N.; Ambai, S.; Kawabe, Y.; Uchida, S.; Nakajima, R.; Saitoh, T.; Kanda, T.; Vogt, K.; Sakurai, T.; Nagase, H.; Yanagisawa, M. Nonpeptide orexin type-2 receptor agonist ameliorates narcolepsy-cataplexy symptoms in mouse models. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507129/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nonpeptide orexin type-2 receptor agonist ameliorates narcolepsy-cataplexy symptoms in mouse models

# data[].attributes.headline
CNN: Woman's Narcolepsy Video goes Viral

# data[].attributes.subject
CNN: Woman's Narcolepsy Video goes Viral

# data[].attributes.body
In this video you can see what it is like to have a cataplexy episode. The woman in the video also talks about how the disease has affected her.

Nicholls, H. The science of sleep: Finding a cure for narcolepsy. https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/24/health/sleep-research-narcolepsy-partner (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The science of sleep: Finding a cure for narcolepsy - CNN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Narcolepsy is a debilitating disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate wakefulness. Sleep research is progressing, so why are sufferers still waiting for a cure?

# data[].attributes.body
Narcolepsy cannot be cured but there are treatments that help reduce symptoms. People with narcolepsy can take medications such as modafinil and methylphenidate that promote wakefulness. This medication makes people feel more awake by reducing the reuptake of dopamine. Cataplexy can be reduced with low doses of antidepressants. Antidepressants are used to reduce REM sleep by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin. Orexin receptor agonist are also being used to reduce cataplexy episodes and promote wakefulness. People with hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis often have to go to a therapist or doctor to learn how to cope with these symptoms. There is no medication that can decrease the affects of these symptoms. Sometimes antidepressants may decrease the intensity of hallucinations but this is unlikely for most people.

Jin, L.; Shi, L.; Chen, B.; Wang, X.; Liu, Y. Antidepressants for the treatment of narcolepsy: A prospective study of 148 patients in northern China. https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.library.nd.edu/science/article/pii/S0967586818313766 (accessed Apr 6, 2021).

Visual of what sleep paralysis feels like. Sleep paralysis cannot be treated with medication.