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October 29, 1929 The Stock Market Crashed

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Rush to take out cash from banks after the stock market crashed

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The Soup Kitchens during the Great Depression were places where hungry men, women and children were served a free meal, usually consisting of vegetable soup and bread. Who ran the Soup Kitchens? The Soup Kitchens were initially run by volunteers of various charities. The charities were soon unable to meet the demand.

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A letter from a desperate mother asking president Roosevelt for an old coat

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The great depression began with the Wall Street Crash. This caused a loss of wealth. It was compounded because many had borrowed to buy shares (called buying on the margin). When shares fell, many investors and ordinary people lost significant sums and went bankrupt. Banks started to see loan defaults and there concerns banks were running out of money. This led to well-publicized ‘bank runs’ with queues of people wanting to withdraw money. Many medium-sized banks went bankrupt leading to people losing their savings. This led to a fall in the money supply and deflation (falling prices). People hoarded cash in their homes.

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In the 1930s severe drought, overcultivation of the land that had begun years before, and dust storms combined to devastate part of the Great Plains of the United States. The section extending over southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma, and northeastern New Mexico became known as the Dust Bowl. About 2.5 million people were forced to leave the area in search of new homes and jobs during the depression.

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Unemployment Rate for the Untied States during the Great Depression from 1929 - 1935

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Breadline in New York City's Bryant Park during the Great Depression.

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Breadline in New York City's Bryant Park during the Great Depression.

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The depression left many Americans hungry and in poverty. People waited in long breadlines, hoping for something to eat. People sold apples on street corners for five cents. One of the most popular songs of the time was “Brother,Can You Spare a Dime?”

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Migrant Mother  Nipomo, California, in 1936, during the Great Depression.

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Migrant Mother  Nipomo, California, in 1936, during the Great Depression.

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The Grapes of Wrath (1939), a family struggles to escape Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl.

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Unemployed men eat soup in Washington, circa 1935. Photograph: Archive Photos/Getty Images

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Time line of important events