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March First Movement, also called Samil Independence Movement, series of demonstrations for Korean national independence from Japan that began on March 1, 1919, in the Korean capital city of Seoul and soon spread throughout the country. Before the Japanese finally suppressed the movement 12 months later, approximately 2,000,000 Koreans had participated in the more than 1,500 demonstrations. About 7,000 people were killed by the Japanese police and soldiers, and 16,000 were wounded; 715 private houses, 47 churches, and 2 school buildings were destroyed by fire. Approximately 46,000 people were arrested, of whom some 10,000 were tried and convicted.

The movement was begun by 33 Korean cultural and religious leaders who, after almost 10 years of Japanese rule, drew up a Korean "Proclamation of Independence" and then organized a mass demonstration in Seoul for March 1, 1919, their late emperor's commemoration day. On the appointed day, the 33 leaders, hoping to bring international pressure on Japan to end her colonial rule in Korea, signed and read their proclamation and had coconspirators read it in townships throughout the country. The suppressed anti-Japanese feelings of Koreans were released in one great explosion, and mass demonstrations took place in many parts of the country, forming the largest national protest rallies against foreign domination in Korean history.

Though the movement failed to bring about its paramount goal of national independence, it was significant in strengthening national unity, leading to the birth in Shanghai of the Korean Provisional Government ( q.v.), and drawing worldwide attention. Finally, the failure of the March First Movement greatly enhanced the rise of the Korean communist party. Today, March 1 is a national holiday in both North and South Korea.

Learn More in these related Britannica articles:

Korea: The March First Movement

A turning point in Korea's resistance movement came on March 1, 1919, when nationwide anti-Japanese rallies were staged. The former emperor, Kojong, the supreme symbol of independence, had died a few weeks earlier, bringing mourners from all parts of the country to...

Korean Provisional Government

Korean Provisional Government, government in exile organized in April 1919 in Shanghai by Korean patriots. The provisional government was formed in reaction to Japanese suppression of the March 1st Movement, the struggle for Korean independence from Japanese rule that had begun with a proclamation of independence issued by 33 prominent...

Korea, history of the Korean peninsula from prehistoric times to the 1953 armistice ending the Korean War (1950-53). For later developments, see North Korea: History; and South Korea: History. Archaeological, linguistic, and legendary sources support the view that the Korean peninsula was settled...

date

March 1, 1919 - March 1920

related topics

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March First Movement, series of demonstrations for Korean national independence from Japan that began on March 1, 1919, in the Korean capital city of Seoul and soon spread throughout the country. Before the Japanese finally suppressed the movement 12 months later, approximately 2,000,000 Koreans h

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Korea Celebrates the March First Movement

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Korea Celebrates the March First Movement

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On March 1, 1919, a 16-year-old student named Yu Gwan-sun ignited a protest movement in Korea. Yu and her classmates demanded independence from Japan, which had brutally annexed Korea in 1910.

Yu was beaten and jailed for her actions. She died from her injuries. But her bravery inspired thousands of others across the Korean Peninsula to rise up and demand independence. The protests led to the establishment of a provisional government later that year.

In 1945, Korea finally won independence from Japan. The southern half of the peninsula became the country of South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea.
SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS IN SEOUL

The March First Movement is still celebrated each year. It's a time to remember the ordinary people-students, farmers, teachers, and factory workers-who stood up against Japanese occupation. This year marks the 100th anniversary of that movement.

I recently toured two special exhibitions that showcase the fight for independence. At the National Hangeul Museum in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, visitors can see the Malmoi manuscript, the first Korean dictionary. It represents the risks that people took to protect the Korean language for future generations.

"After seeing this, I should be grateful that we're able to use our own language," said Willie Hong, a student. "We must keep our language and never lose it again."
"BRAVE AND DETERMINED"
At the National Museum of Korean Contemporary History, an exhibition called "Independence, When That Day Comes" celebrates the protest movement that stunned the world. Photographs, speeches, and manifestos from 1919 demonstrate a revolutionary spirit that was unusual for the people of Korea.

"I never knew that Korea fought so hard for its independence," said Stephanie Park, a tourist from Australia.

Visitors can learn about the history of Korea, how our ancestors sacrificed for future generations, and the hardships they had to undergo. Their perseverance helped South Korea become an independent nation.

"I think the people were immensely brave and determined in their fight for their independence," Park said.

Kunwoo Na, my 11-year-old classmate, agreed. "As a Korean, I feel proud of my ancestors," he said. "Now I'm motivated to study more about our history."

Another classmate, Seojin Han, 11, added: "There's no future for a country that has forgotten its past."

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Korea Celebrates the March First Movement

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On March 1, 1919, a 16-year-old student named Yu Gwan-sun ignited a protest movement in Korea. Yu and her classmates demanded independence from Japan, which had brutally annexed Korea in 1910. Yu was beaten and jailed for her actions. She died from her injuries.

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유관순 | 위인동화 | 대한독립만세 | 독립운동 | 광복절 | 3.1운동 | 한국을 빛낸 100명의 위인들 | 깨비키즈 KEBIKIDS

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유관순 열사, 첫 번째 이야기 | 3.1절 | 한국위인전 | 태극기 그리기 | 우리 명절

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3월1일 3.1절

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오늘은 무슨 날이에요? 3월 1일 3.1절(삼일절)

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3 1운동과 유관순 | 3.1 운동 | 만세운동 | 유관순 | 초등 역사 교육 |

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3 1운동과 유관순 | 3.1 운동 | 만세운동 | 유관순 | 초등 역사 교육 |

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대한독립만세를 외치다 | 역사대모험 | 독립운동 | 임시정부 | 깨비키즈 KEBIKIDS

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Ryu GwanSun (December 16, 1902 - September 28, 1920), also known as Yu Gwansun was a Christian Korean freedom fighter who protested against the Japanese occupation of Korea.

Ryu Gwansun was born on December 16, 1902, in a small farming village. Her brother said that she taught herself how to read Hangul. She was a playful, lively child who enjoyed running "like a boy" and was able to memorize Bible verses quickly. Her nephew, who grew up in the same village as her, said that she had very large, bright black eyes. Her brother described her as tall, with a plump, fair face.

When she was 12, she entered the Ewha Girls' School in Seoul, where she learned more about Christianity.

Demonstrations

Ryu Gwansun joined in the March 1st Movement with some friends from her school, though her teacher strongly told them not to. She was taken to prison for a short time, and her school was closed. With the help of her family and friends, Ryu planned a peaceful demonstration in her province for 1 March. The day before the demonstration, Ryu lit a bonfire on a mountain as a signal to begin the demonstration. The next day, over 2000 people came together in a marketplace for the demonstration. The Japanese police shot at the people, and about 19 people died, including Ryu's parents. Ryu Gwansun was taken to prison. She died in prison when she was 18. After her death, her face was used as a symbol for the Korean rights activists.

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Ryu GwanSun (December 16, 1902 - September 28, 1920), also known as Yu Gwansun was a Christian Korean freedom fighter who protested against the Japanese occupation of Korea. Ryu Gwansun was born on December 16, 1902, in a small farming village. Her brother said that she taught herself how to read Hangul.

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Yu Gwan Sun, a hero for today, a hero for independence

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Yu Gwan Sun, a hero for today, a hero for independence

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[역사 속 인물들] 유관순

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나라의 독립·교육 위해 한평생을 바치다

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나라의 독립·교육 위해 한평생을 바치다

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▲ 안창호 선생./조선일보 DB
오는 15일은 우리나라가 일제의 식민 지배로부터 벗어난 것을 기념하는 '광복절'이에요. 지금의 대한민국이 있기까지는 수많은 독립운동가의 희생과 노력이 있었어요. 그중 안창호 선생은 우리가 잊지 말아야 할 독립운동가 중 한 분입니다.
1878년 평안남도에서 태어난 안창호 선생은 일찍이 신학문을 접했어요. 1894년에 발생한 청일 전쟁은 안창호 선생의 민족의식을 싹 틔우는 중요한 계기가 됐죠. 조선이 청나라와 일본, 두 나라 가운데에 끼여 싸움터가 돼 버린 것을 보며 나라가 힘이 없는 것에 안타까움을 느꼈다고 해요. 그는 나라의 힘은 국민의 지식수준에서 비롯된다고 믿고 국민의 정신 교육을 위해 평생을 바치겠다고 결심했어요.

이후 안창호 선생은 서당에서 공부하는 것을 그만두고 '구세 학당'에 입학해 신학문을 배운 뒤 학생들을 가르쳤어요. 그리고 독립 협회에 가입해 조국의 독립을 위한 일을 시작했어요. 말솜씨가 뛰어난 안창호 선생은 경기도, 황해도, 평안도 등 각지에서 열린 만민 공동회에 참여해 민족 계몽과 교육의 중요성에 대해 연설했어요.

독립 협회가 일제로부터 강제로 해산당하자, 안창호 선생은 미국으로 유학을 떠났어요. 더 큰 일을 하기 위해서는 새로운 학문을 배워야 한다고 생각했기 때문이에요. 힘들게 살아가는 교포들을 찾아가 용기를 주기도 하고 '공립신보'를 발행해 교포들의 생활수준을 높였어요. 또 미국에서 민족 운동 단체를 만들어 활동하기도 했어요.

그러던 1905년 일제가 우리나라의 외교권을 빼앗으려고 강제로 을사늑약을 맺었어요. 이 소식을 들은 안창호 선생은 동료와 함께 항일 운동을 하기로 결심했어요. 안창호 선생은 국내로 돌아와 '신민회'라는 비밀 결사 독립운동 단체를 만들었어요. 국민들을 위해 한글로 된 신문 '대한 매일신보'를 만들어 일제의 침략 행위를 비판했어요.

1910년 안창호 선생은 안중근(1879~1910) 의사의 이토 히로부미 암살 사건에 연루됐다는 이유로 체포돼 옥살이한 뒤 미국으로 망명했어요. 그리고 1913년에 미국 로스앤젤레스에서 흥사단을 만들어 우리나라에서 이루지 못한 신민회의 뜻을 실현하고자 했죠. 그러다 3·1운동이 일어나자 안창호 선생은 상해로 건너가 임시 정부를 세우는 일에 힘을 보탰어요. 안창호 선생이 아니었다면 임시정부는 존재하지 않았을 거예요.

1932년 안창호 선생은 윤봉길(1908~1932) 의사의 폭탄 의거가 발생한 뒤, 상해에서 일본 경찰에게 붙잡혀 3년여 동안 감옥살이를 했어요. 심한 옥살이로 건강을 잃은 그는 끝내 목숨을 잃고 말았어요. 정부는 도산 안창호 선생의 높은 뜻을 기려 1962에 '건국훈장 대한민국장'을 추서하고, 1973년에는 도산 안창호 기념관을 세웠답니다.

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[위대한 한국인]나라의 독립·교육 위해 한평생을 바치다

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
▲ 안창호 선생./조선일보 DB 오는 15일은 우리나라가 일제의 식민 지배로부터 벗어난 것을 기념하는 '광복절'이에요. 지금의 대한민국이 있기까지는 수많은 독립운동가의 희생과 노력이 있었어요. 그중 안창호 선생은 우리가 잊지 말아야 할 독립운동가 중 한 분입니다. 1878년 평안남도에서 태어난 안창호 선생은 일찍이 신학문을 접했어요. 1894년에 발생한 청일 전쟁은 안창호 선생의 민족의식을 싹 틔우는 중요한 계기가 됐죠.

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▲ 1941년 연희전문학교 졸업 당시 윤동주 모습. / 연세대 윤동주기념사업회 제공
윤동주는 암울한 식민지 시대에 조국에 대한 사랑과 독립을 염원하는 마음을 담아 시를 지었어요. 진심으로 나라를 아끼고 사랑했으며 자신에게 주어진 길을 묵묵히 걸어갔던 인물이었죠.
그는 일제강점기인 1917년 12월 30일 중국 길림성 화룡현 명동촌에서 4남매 중 첫째로 태어났어요. 사방이 산으로 둘러싸인 마을에서 28년 생애의 절반인 14년을 보냈죠. 그는 이곳의 아름다운 자연을 벗 삼아 감수성을 키워나갔어요.

1925년에는 명동소학교에 입학했어요. 그의 곁에는 동갑내기 사촌 송몽규가 늘 함께했어요. 둘은 어릴 적부터 문학에 남다른 재능을 보였지요. 절친한 친구이자 라이벌이었어요. 1938년 연희전문학교에 입학한 윤동주는 문학 수업을 들으며 자신의 문학관을 정립해 나갔어요. 조선어와 역사 강의를 통해 민족 문화의 소중함을 다시 한번 느꼈어요. 당시 일제는 우리나라의 문화를 말살시키는 정책을 펼치고 있었어요. 윤동주의 고뇌와 번민은 깊어질 수밖에 없었지요.

▲ 윤동주의 첫 시집인 '하늘과 바람과 별과 시'.
윤동주는 암울한 시대를 살아가는 자신의 삶을 반성하고 성찰하는 내용의 시를 썼어요. 졸업반이던 1941년 11월 지금까지 썼던 시 가운데 18편을 뽑아 '하늘과 바람과 별과 시'라는 제목의 시집을 완성했어요.
세 부를 필사해 한 부는 자신이 갖고 한 부는 연희전문학교 스승인 이양하 교수에게, 나머지 한 부는 함께 하숙하던 후배에게 줬어요. 이양하 교수에게 시집을 준 이유는 출판을 주선해달라고 요청하기 위해서였어요. 그러나 교수는 "출판을 보류하자"고 했어요. 윤동주의 시 속에 어두운 시대를 살아가는 청년의 우울함과 번뇌가 고스란히 녹아 있었기 때문이죠. 교수는 이 시집이 일제의 검열을 통과하지 못할뿐더러 윤동주의 신변에도 안 좋은 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 판단했어요.

연희전문학교를 졸업한 윤동주는 1942년 아버지의 권유로 일본 릿쿄대학 문학부 영문과에 입학했어요. 그러다 1943년 여름 방학을 앞두고 귀국하기 직전, 일본 경찰에 체포됐어요. '조선인 유학생을 모아놓고 조선의 독립과 민족문화 수호를 선동했다'는 게 죄목이었죠.

결국 윤동주는 1944년 징역 2년 형을 선고 받고 후쿠오카 형무소에서 갇혔어요. 안타깝게도 해방을 불과 6개월 남긴 1945년 2월 16일, 차디찬 일본의 감옥에서 생을 마감했어요. 그의 나이 겨우 29세였어요.

윤동주의 유해는 그해 3월 6일 북간도 용정 동산의 중앙장로교회 묘지에 묻혔어요. 우리 정부는 윤동주의 공을 기려 1990년 대한민국 건국훈장 독립장을 수여했습니다.

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[위대한 한국인] 일제시대의 비극, 詩로 담아낸 독립운동가

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▲ 1941년 연희전문학교 졸업 당시 윤동주 모습. / 연세대 윤동주기념사업회 제공 윤동주는 암울한 식민지 시대에 조국에 대한 사랑과 독립을 염원하는 마음을 담아 시를 지었어요. 진심으로 나라를 아끼고 사랑했으며 자신에게 주어진 길을 묵묵히 걸어갔던 인물이었죠. 그는 일제강점기인 1917년 12월 30일 중국 길림성 화룡현 명동촌에서 4남매 중 첫째로 태어났어요.

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From Academic Kids

Template:Koreanname noimage

An Jung-geun ( September 2, 1879 - March 26, 1910) (Christian name: Thomas) was the Korean man who assassinated the Japanese politician Ito Hirobumi, the former Resident-General of Korea. His first commitment for his country was made in the field of education, but later he changed direction and joined the armed resistance for justice. He is regarded as a hero in South Korea while North Koreans think his act led the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910.

An Jung-geun, who had previously led Korean forces fighting against the Japanese, assassinated Ito Hirobumi on the railway platform in Harbin (Manchuria) in 1910. He was captured and sentenced to death. The execution took place in Lui-shun prison.

An had cut off parts of several of his fingers and used the resulting blood to write "Korean Independence" on the Korean national flag. Beginning in the earliest part of the Japanese occupation, armed resistance movements sprang up across the country.

He is commemorated in the martial art of Tae Kwon-Do and the pattern which is dedicated to him is called Joon Gun. There are 32 movements in this pattern which signifies his age when he died (though actually he was 30).

His age of 32 when he died is correct in Korean age. Using this method, each year the person is alive is counted, and it's incremented at the lunar New Year. So if you count every year from 1879 through 1910, including the beginning and ending years, he was indeed 32 when he died. This is different from the way Western birthdays are calculated, where it is incremented only on their birthdate.

An Jung-geun in popular culture

In the science-fiction movie, 2009 Lost Memories, An Jung-geun is prevented from assassinating Hirobumi and the resulting cascading effect in the timeline later causes Japan to win World War II as an ally of the United States.

External links

See also

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Template:Koreanname noimage An Jung-geun ( September 2, 1879 - March 26, 1910) (Christian name: Thomas) was the Korean man who assassinated the Japanese politician Ito Hirobumi, the former Resident-General of Korea. His first commitment for his country was made in the field of education, but later he changed direction and joined the armed resistance for justice.

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안중근 (상) | 위인전  | 독립운동 | 대한독립만세 | 깨비키즈 KEBIKIDS

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안중근 (하) | 위인전  | 독립운동 | 대한독립만세 | 깨비키즈 KEBIKIDS

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Kim Gu, originally Kim Changahm, was born on August 29 th, 1879 in Haeju of what is now North Korea. The only son of a farmer, Kim studied Chinese classic texts at local private village schools or seodangs. At age 16, Kim applied for the Imperial Examination but failed after which he joined the Donghak Movement which rebelled against government and foreign oppressions. As the organization grew larger, Kim became appointed as the district leader of Palbong at the young age of 17. Under the leadership of Donghak, he commanded troops in a small number of skirmishes- including a turf war with another commander of the Donghak Movement. Kim's command of troops under the Donghak Movement was ultimately ended after he was attacked by the Royal Army after being promised safe passage. He escaped the ordeal, just 20 years old at the time, and went into hiding.

Kim's initial rise to prominence was after his killing of a Japanese man by the name of Tsuchida Josuke. While staying at an inn, Kim had encountered the man, becoming suspicious as the Japanese man was under the guise of being Korean. Kim made the decision to kill him, believing him to be involved in the assassination of Empress Min, and did so using the man's own sword. Kim was immediately arrested, tortured, and sentenced to death. However, even with pressure from Japan, Emperor Gwangmu continually suspended his execution due to public sentiment. Kim eventually escaped from prison and entered a monastery, beginning a brief priesthood at Magoksa which lasted only a year before he left to return to his hometown, becoming a Christian and starting Yangsan School in 1907. Here, he worked to educate the Korean people.

In 1905, when the Eulsa Treaty was signed, declaring Korea an official protectorate of Japan, Kim joined the mass protests in Seoul and tried to urge Emperor Gwangmu to withdraw from the treaty. In 1908, Kim joined the New People's Association or Shinminhoe, an organization dedicated to a non-violent Korean independence movement. However, when Ahn Myung-geun was arrested by the Japanese police in 1910 on charges of plotting to assassinate the governor-general, Kim, who was a close friend of Ahn, was arrested as well, believing to be a coconspirator. Under interrogation, Kim was brutally tortured and beaten, leaving to the disfigurement of his left ear. After serving a 3 year sentence and an attempt of suicide while in prison, Kim exiled himself to Shanghai, China, a decision that was heavily influenced by the violent putdown by Japanese police of the March 1 st protests in 1919.

In China, Kim became a founding member of the Korean Provisional Government, even becoming its president for a short period in 1927. In 1931, Kim founded the Korean Patriotic Corps, an organization which is responsible for the bombing in Houkou Park in China, killing high-ranking Japanese officials while injuring several others, as well as a failed assassination attempt on Emperor Hirohito in Japan. On December 9 th, 1941, Kim declared war on Japan and Germany when the Pacific War broke out as part of World War II. He committed his established Korean Liberation Army to the Allied side and participated in warfare in parts of China and Southeast Asia. Kim also prepared to move his troops into the Korean peninsula but just days before he could carry it out, World War II came to an official end.

In 1945, after 26 years of being in exile, Kim returned to Korea. He strongly opposed the US-Soviet trusteeship of Korea and tried to stop the continuous division of the country. Kim even travelled to Pyeongyang to hold talks with Kim Il-Sung. However, in 1948, the National Assembly of Korea held elections for their first president and Kim Il-Sung was appointed as the leader of North Korea shortly after. In the South Korean presidential election, Kim was put among the nominees but lost to Rhee Syng-man. However, Kim had no idea he was put in as a nominee and disapproved of the notion, refusing to take part in something that would further divide the nation and believed the nomination was also meant to discredit him. On June 26, 1949, while reading poetry in his office at night, Kim was assassinated by Ahn Do-hee who burst in and fired at him 4 shots. Upon arrest, Ahn claimed he believed Kim to be an agent of the Soviet Union. However in subsequent years, Ahn later claimed he had been ordered to carry out the assassination by Kim Chang-ryong who was head of national security under Rhee Syng-man.

Kim is revered both in South and North Korea as he was posthomosously awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation in South Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's National Reunification Prize in North Korea. His autobiography, Beokbeomilji, was designated as a national treasure by the Korean government and has been translated into over 10 different languages. Kim is continually regarded as one of the greatest figures in Korean history and was voted in 2007 to become the face of the 100,000 won banknote, however the issuing of the notes became indefinitely postponed as of 2009. Kim's most famous quote remains to be the words he wrote at the end of his autobiography Beokbeomilji:

If God asked me what was my wish, I would reply unhesitatingly, "Korean independence."

If he asked me what was my second wish, I would again answer, "My country's independence."

If he asked me what was my third wish, I would reply in an even louder voice, "My wish is the complete independence of my country, Korea."

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Kim Gu - The Unsung Heroes Who Fought for Independence!

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Kim Gu, originally Kim Changahm, was born on August 29 th, 1879 in Haeju of what is now North Korea. The only son of a farmer, Kim studied Chinese classic texts at local private village schools or seodangs.

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Kim Gu ( Hangul: 김구, July 11, 1876 - June 26, 1949) was a Korean independence activist and politician. He was the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea three times. Kim was the 6th, 12th, and 13th (and final) president. He was the leader of the Korean independence movement against Japanese Imperialism and a reunification activist. Kim was also called Baekbeom. It was his pen name. He is a well respected person to many Korean people. Prime Minister 1921 to 1927 and Interior Minister of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1923 to 1924.

Kim was born in Hwanghae, Korea in 1876. At the age of 15, he studied the Chinese language. (한학; 漢學). In 1893, he joined the Donghak movement. He became the regional leader for Haeju. The next year, while he was leading the Donghak Peasant Revolution, he went to Manchuria to escape from Japanese soldiers. In 1896, he returned to Korea and killed Josuke Tsuchida, a Japanese soldier. He killed Tsuchida as revenge for the 1895 assassination of Empress Myeongseong of the Korean Empire. Empress Myeongseong was killed by Miura Goro, a Japanese assassin.

After the March 1st Movement in 1919, Kim Gu exiled himself to Shanghai, China. He joined the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. From that time, he started fighting against Japanese Imperialism. He wanted independence for Korea. He organized the Korea Patriotic Legion. It was a nationalist group. He told Yoon Bong-Gil to bomb the ceremony for the Emperor's birthday at Hongkeou Park in Shanghai. Also, he had Lee Bong-chang try to kill the Japanese Emperor Hirohito in Tokyo. This ended up with failure. Kim also created the Korean Liberation Army. He was re- elected several times as the leader of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.

After the independence of Korea on 15 August 1945, he came back to Seoul. He worked as a right-wing politician with Lee Seung Man and Kim Kyu-sik. He tried to prevent the division of the Korean peninsula. In 1948, he tried to stop South Korea's national election and to start negotiations between South and North Korea. This failed.

In June 26,1949, Kim was assassinated by a Korean soldier, Ahn Doo-hee. Ahn was later killed by a taxi driver. Many people think there must have been a conspiracy.Some people said that he was ordered by Rhee Syng-man. It is not known if this is true. In 1962, he was awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation. He wrote Baekbeomilji ( Journal of Baekbeom). It is his autobiography. It is important both historically and education.His funeral was held at July 5,1949

Autobiography, 《Dowaesilki》(도왜실기, 1932)

《Baikbumilji》(백범일지, 1947)

Related pages

References

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Kim Gu ( Hangul: 김구, July 11, 1876 - June 26, 1949) was a Korean independence activist and politician. He was the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea three times. Kim was the 6th, 12th, and 13th (and final) president.

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김구와 대한민국 독립운동: 한국을 빛낸 위인들의 이야기 | 깨비키즈

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광복70년 독립운동가 70인의 이야기 [김구 선생 편]

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Yun Dong-ju (1917-1945) was one of the most beloved poets and independence activists who lived under the Japanese colonial rule. Since end of the 1930s, Japan implemented a policy of annihilating Korean culture. They forced Koreans to change otheir names into Japanese ones and prohibited the use of the Korean language in schools, publications and government offices. Resisting this censorship policy, Yun Dong-ju wrote poems in Korean, and in them mainly depicted his introspection to overcome the gloomy reality facing Koreans.

Despite the strong oppression by the colonial authority, Yun began to write essays and poems in his middle school days, and continued through his college days. As a student at Yeonhi College (which later became Yonsei University), he wrote poems such as "Self Portrait" and "A New Way" that were published in the college newspaper. His poetry world mirrors his unique meditations with a sense of history as an intellectual who lived during a dark era.

Notwithstanding his firm anti-Japan sentiments, Yun had to go to Japan to study after graduating from Yeonhi College in 1941 to avoid being drafted into the wartime army. For study in Japan, he had to change his family name to a Japanese one. He expressed his sense of humiliation at that time in the poem, "Confessions," featuring the shame of losing one's homeland and fierce self-reflection with deep introspection on his passive and lethargic life that had refrained him from confronting the stigmatic history.

During his study in Japan, Yun had frequent discussions with his cousin Song Mong-gyu on subjects of reality and independence of Korea, and they were arrested by Japanese police in 1942 for alleged infringement of the public order maintenance act and imprisoned in February 1944. Both Yun Dong-ju and Song Mong-gyu died in jail in early 1945 under suspicious circumstances. While in jail, Song Mong-gyu told his relatives that he received suspicious injections every night, arousing speculation that they were victims of in vivo medical experiments.

In celebration of his graduation from college in 1941, Yun Dong-ju had attempted to publish a collection of his poems, entitled "Sky, Wind, Stars and Poems," by editing 19 poems, but failed. After Korean independence in 1945, Yun's juniors in college, including Jeong Byeong-uk, published an increased collection of his poems under the same title in 1948.

Yun Dong-jun / Photo source: Korea.net

The hill of poet Yun Dong-ju (Jongno-gu, Seoul)

The site of Yun Dong-ju's spirit (Jongno-gu, Seoul)

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Beloved Poet and Independence Activist, Yun Dong-ju

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Yun Dong-ju (1917-1945) was one of the most beloved poets and independence activists who lived under the Japanese colonial rule. Since end of the 1930s, Japan implemented a policy of annihilating Korean culture. They forced Koreans to change otheir names into Japanese ones and prohibited the use of the Korean language in schools, publications and government offices.

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People are what build a nation, of them there are those who are remembered for a number of things, whether it be for their work in fighting for resistance or paving the path for generations to come. Yun Dong-Ju is one of those mentioned names when looking back at Korean history. While he himself had not done much physical work as an activist, his writings will forever express the pain of the country during the Japanese Forced Occupation period. The Korean poet, Yun Dong-Ju, is considered one of the nation's most famous poets, and his work still resonates with readers today.

In order to recognize the impact his life experiences had on him, a very brief history of the time period will be mentioned. Born in 1917, Yun Dong-Ju was born in Longjing, Jilin, China and moved to Pyongyang, Korea when he was attending middle school. During his life, Japan had control of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945, the end of World War II. This occupation inspired many of Yun Dong-Ju's writings throughout his life, such as Self-Portrait or Night of Counting Stars.

He attended university at Yonhi College, later renamed Yonsei University, and went to Japan to study in the English literature department. A few months after transferring to Kyoto, he was arrested and later sentenced to two years for working with the Korean independence movement. He died of unknown causes in Fukuoka, Japan in 1945 at the age of 28.

After his death, Yun Dong Ju's first book of poems entitled "Sky, Wind, Star, and Poems" (하늘과 바람과 별과 시) was compiled and published in 1948. As mentioned earlier, the Korean language was banned, so his works were only able to be published after the Japanese left. His friend was the one who compiled his poetry to be published.

Remembering Yun Dong-Ju

If you're ever in Korea, stop by the Yun Dong-Ju Literature House. This is a museum where visitors can view photographs and the original, handwritten manuscripts of his work. Different rooms within the building are meant to represent the different periods of his life. It's located in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea, open from Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., and is free!

Shooting at the Moon, Yun Dong-Ju is a musical first performed back in 2012 which is the first interpretation of this poet's life and work. The interesting thing about this musical is that instead of remaking the poems into songs, they were spoken just as they had been written. Don't worry though, there is still plenty of wonderful music to hear throughout!

In Dong-Ju: The Portrait of a Poet premiered in theaters all around Korea. The leading role of Yun Dong-Ju was given to the one and only Kang Ha-Neul. The resemblance between the two is uncanny! The movie depicts Dong-Ju's life, imprisonment, and eventual death. This film is truly a masterpiece.

For a remix on learning history about this poet, look no further than the variety show, Infinite Challenge. They had a three episode-long history special looking at different Korean historical figures through the centuries and creating hip-hop/rap songs inspired by them. Hwang Kwang-Hee, member of group ZE:A, and Gaeko team up, write, and perform a rap about Yun Dong-Ju with a special appearance from Hyuk-Oh. The song includes lines from Dong-Ju's poem Night of Counting Stars. You can check out the full episodes on Kocowa and Viki.

The influence of Yun Dong-Ju's poems is reflected in the importance of remembering the culture and keeping it alive. No matter where you're from in the world, there will be a piece of his writings that you can relate to.

Have you ever heard of Yun Dong-Ju before? If so, what are poems of his that you like or resonate with you the most? If not, what did you find interesting?

Written by Avery Souders

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People are what build a nation, of them there are those who are remembered for a number of things, whether it be for their work in fighting for resistance or paving the path for generations to come. Yun Dong-Ju is one of those mentioned names when looking back at Korean history.

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[무도 결방특집] 무한도전X역사 : 윤동주 - 황광희 & 개코, 위대한 유산 MBC170301방송

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책읽어주는 구연동화 한국위인전 안창호

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by Jeren from Northridge

My hero is very courageous. He is courageous because he went to jail more than five times and maybe even faced death! But he faced all of those things without fear. (Ok, maybe he was a little scared). I also think of him as brave.

My hero's name is Ahn Chang-Ho. But he was also referred to by his pen name Dosan. He was born on November 9,1878 and died on March 10,1938. Dosan established the New Korean Society when he returned to Korea from the US in 1907. The New Korean Society was the most important society that fought back against the Japanese because at the time Japan ruled over Korea. He was also one of the early leaders of the Korean-American immigrant community. He is the father of a Hollywood actor named Philip Ahn. His oldest child's name is Susan Ahn Cuddy.

Ahn Chang-Ho was also the person who established the Young Korea Academy in San Francisco in 1913. He was a key member in the founding of the Provisional Government of Republic of Korea in Shanghai in 1919. He was also believed to be one of the two men who wrote the lyrics of the South Korean national anthem. In 1902, Dosan went to San Francisco with his wife, Helen. During his time in California, he saw two Korean ginseng merchants fighting over sales turf. This display of incivility upset him. So then, he began to take his time into reforming the local Korea diaspora. In 1926, he traveled back to Korea and never returned to the U.S. During this time, he was arrested and sent to jail by the Japanese more than five times! The first time he was arrested was because he was thought to be part of the assassination of Ito Hirobumi who was the Japanese resident general of Korea.

My hero Ahn Chang-Ho is important to me because without him Korea might still be ruled by Japan! Dosan made a difference in my life because if Korea was still ruled by Japan my mom might not have been able to go to America, which means she wouldn't have met my dad and then I wouldn't have been born! I would like to be just like Dosan because he helped millions of people!

Dosan fought wholeheartedly by doing acts of patriotism for what is now a grand and free Korean republic. He is my hero and that is how he helped people. He was very brave when he went to jail because he acted very fearlessly while facing danger. Ahn Chang-Ho will always be remembered for his great deeds and acts of patriotism. He may seem like an ordinary guy but he is a hero and you can be too.
The beliefs, viewpoints and opinions expressed in this hero submission on the website are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the beliefs, viewpoints and opinions of The MY HERO Project and its staff.

Bibliography

chang ho, ahn . "Wikipedia." [Online] Available http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chang-ho.

ahn, pyung uk. "ahn chang biblography." [Online] Available http://www.dosan.org/dosanbiography.html.

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My hero is very courageous. He is courageous because he went to jail more than five times and maybe even faced death! But he faced all of those things without fear. (Ok, maybe he was a little scared). I also think of him as brave. My hero's name is Ahn Chang-Ho.

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⑨소파 방정환 선생(1899~1931)

▲ 방정환 선생님이 쓴 '사랑의 선물'. /조선일보 DB

오는 5일은 어린이날이에요. 이날만 되면 떠오르는 인물이 있죠? 어린이날 제정에 앞장선 소파 방정환 선생입니다.

방정환 선생은 1899년에 서울의 부유한 상인 집안에서 태어났어요. 하지만 아버지의 사업이 실패하면서 어려운 소년 시절을 보냈다고 해요. 형편이 어려워 고등학교를 졸업하지 못한 그는 가족의 생계를 책임지기 위해 조선총독부 토지조사국에 들어가 일을 했어요. 힘든 상황에서도 그는 늘 밝고 씩씩했답니다.

방정환 선생의 마음에는 늘 독립에 대한 열망이 가득했어요. 3·1 운동이 벌어진 1919년에는 독립 선언서를 나눠주다가 일본 경찰에게 붙잡혀 고초를 겪기도 했답니다.

3·1 운동 이후 방정환 선생은 큰 깨달음을 얻었어요. 우리나라가 힘을 갖기 위해서는 미래의 희망인 어린이들을 잘 돌보고 교육해야 한다는 걸 알게 된 거죠. 이에 방 선생은 일본에서 아동문학과 아동심리학을 공부하고 돌아와 1921년 '천도교 소년회'를 만들었어요. 그리고 본격적으로 소년 운동을 펼쳐 나갔습니다.

방정환 선생은 소년 운동을 통해 어린이들에게 용기와 애국심을 북돋워 줬습니다. '어린이'란 단어를 만든 것도 그였어요. 동화집 '사랑의 선물'을 펴낸 그는 '아이들을 가리키는 고운 말이 없을까?'하고 고민하다가 어린이란 말을 생각해냈대요. 젊은이, 늙은이 하는 것처럼 아이를 한 인격체로 존중해 줘야 한다는 뜻에서 탄생한 단어였죠.

▲ 소파 방정환 선생.
1923년 3월, 방정환 선생은 어린이들을 위한 잡지 '어린이'를 창간했어요. 잡지를 만든 이유는 우리 어린이들에게 민족의 자주독립정신을 배양해주기 위해서였다고 합니다. 하지만 이 때문에 그는 혹독한 일제의 검열을 받아야 했고, 총독부에 여러 번 끌려가 조사를 받았어요.
잡지를 창간하고 두 달 후인 5월 1일 방정환 선생님은 제1회 어린이날 기념식을 열었어요. 우리가 알고 있는 어린이날과 날짜가 다르죠? 당시 어린이날은 5월 1일이었어요. 그러다가 광복 직후 우리나라 기념일을 정비할 때 5월 1일 노동절을 피해 어린이날을 5월 5일로 변경했답니다.

어린이날 기념식 이후에도 방정환 선생은 전국을 돌아다니며 아이들에게 동화를 들려주고 꿈과 희망을 심어줬습니다. 또 세계 아동예술 전람회를 열어 전 세계 어린이들의 그림과 사진들을 모아 전시하기도 했답니다.

방정환 선생은 안타깝게도 32살이라는 젊은 나이에 신장병으로 돌아가셨어요. 눈을 감는 순간까지도 어린이들을 위했던 방정환의 '어린이 사랑'은 지금까지도 회자되고 있답니다.

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[위대한 한국인] 어린이날 제정·잡지 창간... 아동보호운동 펼치다

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▲ 방정환 선생님이 쓴 '사랑의 선물'. /조선일보 DB 오는 5일은 어린이날이에요. 이날만 되면 떠오르는 인물이 있죠? 어린이날 제정에 앞장선 소파 방정환 선생입니다. 방정환 선생은 1899년에 서울의 부유한 상인 집안에서 태어났어요. 하지만 아버지의 사업이 실패하면서 어려운 소년 시절을 보냈다고 해요. 형편이 어려워 고등학교를 졸업하지 못한 그는 가족의 생계를 책임지기 위해 조선총독부 토지조사국에 들어가 일을 했어요.

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작은 물결 방정환 선생님 | 우리 어린이들의 영원한 친구 ★ 지니키즈 위인

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[위인인물]어린이날은 누가 만들었을까?/방정환

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헬로우키즈 # 한국의 위인 08 # 방정환

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유관순은 1916년 지령리 교회에 자주 들르던 샤프(Alice Hammond Sharp, 한국명 史愛理施) 선교사의 추천을 받아 교비 유학생으로 이화학당 보통과에 편입하였다. 이후 서명학(徐明學), 이정수(李禎洙), 사촌 언니 유예도(柳禮道) 등과 함께 기숙사에서 생활하였다. 유관순은 1918년 3월 18일 이화학당 보통과를 졸업하고, 같은 해 4월 1일 고등과 1학년에 진학하였다. 이화학당에서는 1905년 을사조약 이후, 이문회(以文會)를 중심으로 오후 3시만 되면 모두 수업을 중단하고, 조국 독립을 기원하는 기도회와 시국토론회 및 외부인사 초청 시국강연회 등을 개최하고 있었는데, 유관순도 회원으로 활발히 활동하였다.

1919년 1월 21일, 고종이 서거하자 학생들은 자진해서 상복을 입고, 휴교에 들어갔으며, 2월 28일에는 정기모임을 통해 전교생이 적극적으로 만세를 부르기로 결의하였다. 이 결의에 따라 이화학당 학생인 신특실(申特實), 노예달(盧禮達) 등은 파고다공원에서 벌어진 3 · 1 운동에 직접 참여하였고, 당시 고등과 1학년인 유관순은 서명학 · 김복순 · 김희자 · 국현숙 등과 함께 '5인의 결사대'를 결성하여, 소복을 하고 기숙사를 빠져나와 대한문 앞에서 망곡(望哭)주1 을 한 뒤, 남대문으로 향하는 시위 행렬에 합류하였다.

이후 3월 5일, 학생 연합 시위가 벌어졌는데, 이화학당 학생들이 적극적으로 참여한다는 정보를 미리 알아낸 학교 측은 교문을 잠그고, 교사들로 하여금 교정 곳곳을 지키게 하였으나, 많은 학생들이 시위에 적극적으로 참여하였다. 그 중 신특실 · 유점선 · 노예달 등은 검거되었고, 교사 김독실(金篤實) 등은 투옥되었다. 이날 유관순도 만세를 부르다가 일경에 붙잡혔으나 곧 석방되었다. 학생들의 시위가 극심해지자 일제는 3월 10일 전국적으로 휴교령을 내렸고, 학교로 갈 수 없게 된 유관순은 13일 기차를 통해 고향으로 돌아왔다. 이 때 고향으로 돌아오는 기차에서 친구들이 기차소리를 듣고, '동전 한 푼, 동전 한 푼' 하는 소리로 들린다고 하자, 유관순은 '대한 독립, 대한 독립' 하는 소리로 들린다고 했다는 일화가 전해지기도 한다.

고향에 돌아온 유관순은 부친 유중권과 조인원 등 마을 어른들에게 서울에서의 만세운동 소식을 전하고, 숨겨온 독립선언서를 내놓으며, 병천 시장에서의 독립만세운동 계획을 상의하였다. 유관순과 사촌 언니 유예도는 만세운동에 주민들이 사용할 태극기를 만드는 등 만반의 준비를 하였고, 1919년 4월 1일, 조인원 · 유중권 · 유중무 등과 함께 병천 시장에서 수천 명이 참여한 만세시위를 주도하였다. 이 사건이 바로 아우내 독립만세운동이었다. 이날 유관순의 부모를 포함하여 19명이 시위 현장에서 순국하였으며, 30여 명이 큰 부상을 당하였다.

유관순은 주도자로 체포되어 공주교도소에 수감되었고, 이곳에서 공주영명학교에서 만세운동을 주도하다 구속된 친오빠 유우석을 만나기도 하였다. 5월 9일, 유관순은 공주지방법원에서 5년형을 언도받았고, 중형을 받은 사람들과 경성복심법원으로 넘겨져 6월 30일 경성복심법원에서 3년형을 언도받았다. 함께 재판 받은 사람들은 모두 고등법원에 상고하였으나, 일제의 재판권을 인정하지 않은 유관순은 상고하지 않았다.

서대문형무소 에 수감된 유관순은 이신애, 어윤희 등과 함께 1920년 3월 1일 오후 2시를 기해 3 · 1운동 1주년 기념식을 갖고, 옥중 만세운동을 전개하였다. 이에 3천여 명의 수감자들이 크게 호응하여 만세 소리가 밖으로까지 퍼져나갔고, 만세를 외치는 함성에 형무소 주위로 인파가 몰려들어 전차 통행이 마비되고, 경찰 기마대가 출동하게 되었다. 이 사건으로 유관순은 물론, 많은 애국지사가 심한 고문을 당하였다.

1920년 4월 28일 영친왕(英親王) 의 결혼 기념 특사령으로 유관순의 형기도 1년 6개월로 단축되었으나, 오랫동안 계속된 고문과 영양실조로 1920년 9월 28일 오전 8시 20분, 유관순은 18세의 나이로 순국하였다. 이화학당은 형무소 당국에 유관순 시신의 인도를 요구하였으나 일제는 이를 거부하였다. 그러자 이화학당 교장 월터(Miss Jeanette Walter)는 이 사실을 미국 신문에 알려 세계 여론에 호소하겠다고 강력하게 항의하였다. 결국 일제는 해외 언론에 알리지 않고, 장례는 극히 조용히 치러야 한다는 조건을 붙여 시신을 인도하였다.

1920년 10월 12일, 유관순의 시신이 이화학당으로 돌아오자 학생들은 통곡으로 맞이하였다. 시신은 이화학당 수위실에 안치하였고, 세브란스 교의를 불러 수습하였다. 유관순의 직접적인 사인은 밝혀지지 않았으나, 수형기록표의 사진을 통해서 심한 구타와 영양실조 등의 부작용에 따른 갑상선 기능저하증을 주된 원인으로 추정하는 견해도 있다. 10월 14일 이화학당 측은 정동교회 김종우 목사의 주례로 이태원 공동묘지에서 조촐히 장례를 지냈다. 이후 일제가 이태원 공동묘지를 군용기지로 개발하면서, 유관순의 묘는 미아리 공동묘지로 이장되었으나 실전(失傳) 되었고, 현재 유관순 생가의 뒷산인 매봉산에 초혼묘(招魂墓)가 봉안되어 있다.

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This is not hacked don't worry =)

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Ms.Choi is best teacher