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Which conditional sentence type is it? Match it to the correct category!

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Exercises on Conditional Sentences - 05 - English Grammar

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Exercises on Conditional Sentences - 05 :: Learn English online - free exercises, explanations, games, teaching materials and plenty of information on English language. :: page 05

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Daniel Broomfield - англійська для українців

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Reading comprehension online exercise for QUINTO, SEXTO, 1 ESO, 2 ESO, 3 ESO, 4 ESO. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf.

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REPORTED SPEECH: Verb Tense Changes | Direct and Indirect Speech in English

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Conditional Sentences and How They're Used | Grammarlyy

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There are four types of conditional sentences.

It's important to use the correct structure for each of these different types, because they express varying meanings.

Pay attention to verb tense when using different conditional modes.

Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences. We use them to communicate that something is true or happens only if something else is true or happens-that is, only under a certain . Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional (often referred to as the if-clause) and the consequence. Consider the following sentences:

What are the different types of conditional sentences?

There are four different types of conditional sentences in English. Each expresses a different degree of probability that a situation will occur or would have occurred under certain circumstances.

1 Zero conditional sentences

2 First conditional sentences

3 Second conditional sentences

4 Third conditional sentences

Let's look at each of these types of conditional sentences in more detail.

How to use zero conditional sentences

Zero conditional sentences express general truths-situations in which one thing causes another. When you use a zero conditional, you're talking about a general truth rather than a specific instance of something. Consider the following examples:

There are a couple of things to take note of in the above sentences using the zero conditional. First, when using the zero conditional, the correct tense in both clauses is the simple present tense . A common mistake is to use the simple future tense.

Second, notice that the words and can be used interchangeably in these zero conditional sentences. This is because the outcome will be the same any time the condition is in place; there's no difference in meaning for and to communicate.

How to use first conditional sentences

First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the outcome is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in the future. Look at the examples below:

Note that we use the simple present tense in the if-clause and the simple future tense in the main clause-the clause that expresses the likely outcome. This is how we indicate that under a certain condition (as expressed in the if-clause), a specific result happen in the future. Examine some of the common mistakes people make using the first conditional structure:

Explanation: Use the simple present tense in the if-clause.

Explanation: Use the zero conditional ( simple present + simple present) only when a certain result is guaranteed. If the result is likely, use the first conditional ( simple present + simple future).

How to use second conditional sentences

Second conditional sentences are useful for expressing outcomes that are completely unrealistic or will likely happen in the future. Consider the examples below:

Notice that the correct way to structure second conditional sentences is to use the simple past tense in the if-clause and a auxiliary verb (e.g., , , , ) in the main clause (the one that expresses the unrealistic or unlikely outcome). The following sentences illustrate a couple of the common mistakes people make when using the second conditional:

Explanation: When applying the second conditional, use the simple past tense in the if-clause.

Explanation: Use a modal auxiliary verb in the main clause when using the second conditional to express the unlikelihood that the result will actually happen.

How to use third conditional sentences

Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past. Look at the following examples:

These sentences express a condition that was likely enough but did not actually happen in the past. The speaker in the first sentence was capable of leaving early but did not. The speaker in the second sentence was capable of cleaning the house but did not. These are both conditions that were likely but (regrettably, in these cases) did not happen.

Consider these common mistakes when applying the third conditional:

Explanation: With third conditional sentences, do not use a modal auxiliary verb in the if-clause.

Explanation: The third conditional expresses a situation that could have happened in the past only if a certain condition had been met. That's why we use the modal auxiliary verb + + the past participle.

Exceptions and special cases when using conditional sentences

As with most topics in the English language, conditional sentences often present special cases in which unique rules must be applied.

Use of the simple future in the if-clause

Generally speaking, the simple future should be used only in the main clause. One exception is when the action in the if-clause will take place the action in the main clause. For example, consider the following sentence:

The action in the if-clause is the aspirin easing the headache, which will take place only after the speaker takes them later that night.

The verb phrase is sometimes used in conditional sentences when the likely or unlikely result is particularly awful or unthinkable. In this case, is used to place emphasis on this potential outcome. Consider these sentences:

Note that the emphatic can be used to describe hypothetical scenarios in the present, future, or past.

Punctuating conditional sentences

Despite the complex nature of conditional sentences, punctuating them properly is really simple!

Here's how it works:

Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

If the main clause precedes the if-clause, no punctuation is necessary.

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There are four types of conditional sentences. It's important to use the correct structure for each of these different types, because they express varying meanings. Pay attention to verb tense when using different conditional modes. Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

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Hi, guys! I've decided to tell you about reported speech. There are basically three parts that we need to talk about: Statements, imperative sentences and questions.

Today I'd like to start with a quote from one of my favorite books.
Harry Potter, the boy who lived, said:

He said that he didn't go looking for trouble, it usually found him.

Tell me, what is the difference between these two sentences?

You're absolutely right, one sentence is direct speech and one sentence is reported speech.

We use reported speech to retell what someone told us earlier. That's why when we remake direct speech into reported we need to go one tense back. This chart will tell you how to do it:

If the sentence contains an expression of time or , you must change them as well.

John: "I studied for my test ."
Peter said that he had studied for his testthe day before .

Here, "my test" in the direct sentence becomes "his test" in reported speech.

Shifting of expressions of time

Compare these sentences:

She told me that she wanted coffee.

She said she wanted coffee.

What is the difference between TELL and SAY? We can say something or say something TO someone, but we tell SOMEONE, not to someone.
So here it is:

You say something

You tell someone something

Read these examples of correct and incorrect usage of SAY and TELL:

Let's look at this picture. It says: "Keep calm and go shopping!" What type of sentence is this?
It's an , it tells us what to do. It tells us to keep calm and go shopping.

So did the tense change? Nope, it didn't. This is how we make reported imperative sentences:
Subject + tell/ask + (not) + to + infinitive

He told me to call him. (He said: "Call me!")
He told me NOT to call him. (He said: "Don't call me!")
She asked him to cook dinner. (She said: "Cook dinner, please)

One of my favorite animated pictures is "Lion King". Have you watched it? Here's one of the best scenes:

- "Can you feel the love tonight?" - This is a question, right? It has question word order.

Elton John asked us if we could feel the love tonight. (this is a reported question. It has statement word order)
When we report questions, here's what we do:

If this is a yes/no question, we use IF or WHETHER

If this is a WH-question, we use this WH-word. (why, when, who, how, what etc)

We change the word order from question word order to statement word order.

We go one tense back.

Don't forget to change the time/place/pronouns (if necessary)!

Is the Earth round? Yep, it is.
Here is a video that gives at least ten reasons why we know that the Earth is round.

Personally, I like the last reason the most =) we have photographic evidence =)
Is the Earth round now? Was it round before? Will it be round in the future? Yes, yes and YES!
So here are the sentences:

Did we change the tense? Why not?

If the information we are reporting is still true, we don't have to go one tense back. We don't even have to change the time expressions.

For example, today my friend said:This evening, I'm reporting it to my boyfriend: "Jessica said that she'll make breakfast for us tomorrow." I don't change the tense or the time expressions, because Jessica's tomorrow and my tomorrow are the same day.

If I report what Jessica said a week after she said it, then I'll say:"Jessica told me that she would make breakfast for us the next day." Now I have to go one tense back and change the time expressions, because we're talking about different things.

Here are some exercises and courses to practice reported speech:
Statements:
Online course: Questions: Imperatives: Mixed exercises on reported speech:

Good luck and check out this online course about Reported speech with Joker at online supermarket of English courses booyya.com.

Hi, guys! I've decided to tell you about reported speech. There are basically three parts that we need to talk about: Statements, imperative sentences and questions.

Today I'd like to start with a quote from one of my favorite books.
Harry Potter, the boy who lived, said:

He said that he didn't go looking for trouble, it usually found him.

Tell me, what is the difference between these two sentences?

You're absolutely right, one sentence is direct speech and one sentence is reported speech.

We use reported speech to retell what someone told us earlier. That's why when we remake direct speech into reported we need to go one tense back. This chart will tell you how to do it:

If the sentence contains an expression of time or , you must change them as well.

John: "I studied for my test ."
Peter said that he had studied for his testthe day before .

Here, "my test" in the direct sentence becomes "his test" in reported speech.

Shifting of expressions of time

Compare these sentences:

She told me that she wanted coffee.

She said she wanted coffee.

What is the difference between TELL and SAY? We can say something or say something TO someone, but we tell SOMEONE, not to someone.
So here it is:

You say something

You tell someone something

Read these examples of correct and incorrect usage of SAY and TELL:

Let's look at this picture. It says: "Keep calm and go shopping!" What type of sentence is this?
It's an , it tells us what to do. It tells us to keep calm and go shopping.

So did the tense change? Nope, it didn't. This is how we make reported imperative sentences:
Subject + tell/ask + (not) + to + infinitive

He told me to call him. (He said: "Call me!")
He told me NOT to call him. (He said: "Don't call me!")
She asked him to cook dinner. (She said: "Cook dinner, please)

One of my favorite animated pictures is "Lion King". Have you watched it? Here's one of the best scenes:

- "Can you feel the love tonight?" - This is a question, right? It has question word order.

Elton John asked us if we could feel the love tonight. (this is a reported question. It has statement word order)
When we report questions, here's what we do:

If this is a yes/no question, we use IF or WHETHER

If this is a WH-question, we use this WH-word. (why, when, who, how, what etc)

We change the word order from question word order to statement word order.

We go one tense back.

Don't forget to change the time/place/pronouns (if necessary)!

Is the Earth round? Yep, it is.
Here is a video that gives at least ten reasons why we know that the Earth is round.

Personally, I like the last reason the most =) we have photographic evidence =)
Is the Earth round now? Was it round before? Will it be round in the future? Yes, yes and YES!
So here are the sentences:

Did we change the tense? Why not?

If the information we are reporting is still true, we don't have to go one tense back. We don't even have to change the time expressions.

For example, today my friend said:This evening, I'm reporting it to my boyfriend: "Jessica said that she'll make breakfast for us tomorrow." I don't change the tense or the time expressions, because Jessica's tomorrow and my tomorrow are the same day.

If I report what Jessica said a week after she said it, then I'll say:"Jessica told me that she would make breakfast for us the next day." Now I have to go one tense back and change the time expressions, because we're talking about different things.

Here are some exercises and courses to practice reported speech:
Statements:
Online course: Questions: Imperatives: Mixed exercises on reported speech:

Ми розглянули правила та приклади використання непрямої мови в англійській мові. Щоб дізнатися більше про англійську граматику, читайте інші публікації в розділі Grammar!

Good luck and check out this online course about Reported speech with Joker at online supermarket of English courses booyya.com.

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Англійська граматика: Reported speech

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Hi, guys! I've decided to tell you about reported speech. There are basically three parts that we need to talk about: Statements, imperative sentences and questions. Today I'd like to start with a quote from one of my favorite books. Harry Potter, the boy who lived, said: He said that he didn't go looking for trouble, it usually found him.