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Biodiversity and the Effect Elephants have on it.

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Biodiversity and the Effect Elephants have on it.

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Biodiversity is the variety of ecosystems and life in said ecosystems. Examples of different types of biodiversity are African Savannas, Tropical Rainforests, Arctic Tundra, and Kelp Forests. These are all examples of different ecosystems. A keystone species is vital to these ecosystems. They are responsible for regulating several trophic levels of these environments. We call them keystone species because like the keystone of a Roman arch, they hold up the rest of the parts (stones). When a keystone species is endangered or in decline it affects the entire stability of the ecosystem. The topic of this paper is the keystone species of the Afrcian Savannas, the African Elephant, Loxodonta Africana.

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The ecosystem that the elephant lives in is the Hot, Dry, African Savannas. The african savannas are located throughout Africa, filling in most of the southern tip and the mid part in a line, east to west. The Climate of the ecosystem is very dry and blisteringly hot most of the time. There is however mass rain pours every once in a while. The ecosystem has almost everything, trees, bugs, lions, vultures, elephants, and even the occasional crocodile. All of this would be in major danger of change if the elephants were to go extinct.

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What do Elephants Contribute to the Ecosystem

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What do Elephants Contribute to the Ecosystem

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-Their partially digested food is a primary food source for dung beetles.
-Their caucuses are a major food source for scavengers.
-Walk over saplings so forest don't over grow.
-Eat the higher up leaves so a canopy doesn't form.
-Their foot prints creat places for water to collect during raining times, creating small water holes for animals.

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The species has declined over 95%, going from 10 million in 1930 to a mere 145,000 this year. This is from major poaching and habitat loss (mostly through deforestation). This has made the whole ecosystem harder for animals to survive. Many other organisms have been affected by the loss of the elephant. One of which are African Wild Dogs, they have seen a decline in food from the elephants along with forests growing more and more because the elephants haven’t been walking through that area to kill the tree saplings. This has also caused less seed distribution causing plants such as the Baobab Trees to lessen in population. Also small animals like the dung beetle who survive mostly on the elephants partially digested waste, have declined with the elephant. These are just a mere few of the elephant's presence directly affected.
-The Graph below is the population on wild African Dogs.

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What Can be Done to Prevent them from Ectinction?

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What Can be Done to Prevent them from Ectinction?

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-Stop deforestation
-Create a park where the Elephants are safe and poachers can pay a huge amount the get an older elephant. And that Fey would go to keeping the park up and running. Then the poachers get the Ivory, animals get the caucus, and the natives get the hide for cultural purposes.
-More enforcement on Ivory trafficking.
-This would probably make a giant difference in the elephants numbers. Maybe after a decade or so, doubling the population.