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this video is about a state in china named linfen, breathing the air there daily is like smoking 3 packs of cigarette, the population there is so much that the required energy and the producing of it is high. people in Linfen suffer from many health issues

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a) the article is about a university professor who study in radon particle said that it cause cancer and illness because he tested blood of the people in the area and found that there are radon particle in their blood
b) https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet#:~:text=to%20the%20ground.-,How%20does%20radon%20cause%20cancer%3F,be%20associated%20with%20inhaling%20radon.
c) National Cancer Institude. (2011, December 6). Radon and Cancer. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet#:%7E:text=to%20the%20ground.-,How%20does%20radon%20cause%20cancer%3F,be%20associated%20with%20inhaling%20radon.

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On This Page

What is radon?

Radon is a radioactive gas released from the normal decay of the elements uranium, thorium, and radium in rocks and soil. It is an invisible, odorless, tasteless gas that seeps up through the ground and diffuses into the air. In a few areas, depending on local geology, radon dissolves into ground water and can be released into the air when the water is used. Radon gas usually exists at very low levels outdoors. However, in areas without adequate ventilation, such as underground mines, radon can accumulate to levels that substantially increase the risk of lung cancer.

How is the general population exposed to radon?

Radon is present in nearly all air. Everyone breathes in radon every day, usually at very low levels. However, people who inhale high levels of radon are at an increased risk of developing lung cancer.

Radon can enter homes through cracks in floors, walls, or foundations, and collect indoors. It can also be released from building materials, or from water obtained from wells that contain radon. Radon levels can be higher in homes that are well insulated, tightly sealed, and/or built on soil rich in the elements uranium, thorium, and radium. Basement and first floors typically have the highest radon levels because of their closeness to the ground.

How does radon cause cancer?

Radon decays quickly, giving off tiny radioactive particles. When inhaled, these radioactive particles can damage the cells that line the lung. Long-term exposure to radon can lead to lung cancer, the only cancer proven to be associated with inhaling radon. There has been a suggestion of increased risk of leukemia associated with radon exposure in adults and children; however, the evidence is not conclusive.

How many people develop lung cancer because of exposure to radon?

Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer. Radon represents a far smaller risk for this disease, but it is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Scientists estimate that 15,000 to 22,000 lung cancer deaths in the United States each year are related to radon.

Exposure to the combination of radon gas and cigarette smoke creates a greater risk of lung cancer than exposure to either factor alone. The majority of radon-related cancer deaths occur among smokers. However, it is estimated that more than 10 percent of radon-related cancer deaths occur among nonsmokers.

How did scientists discover that radon plays a role in the development of lung cancer?

Radon was identified as a health problem when scientists noted that underground uranium miners who were exposed to it died of lung cancer at high rates. The results of miner studies have been confirmed by experimental animal studies, which show higher rates of lung tumors among rodents exposed to high radon levels.

What have scientists learned about the relationship between radon and lung cancer?

Scientists agree that radon causes lung cancer in humans. Recent research has focused on specifying the effect of residential radon on lung cancer risk. In these studies, scientists measure radon levels in the homes of people who have lung cancer and compare them to the levels of radon in the homes of people who have not developed lung cancer.

Researchers have combined and analyzed data from all radon studies conducted in Canada and the United States. By combining the data from these studies, scientists were able to analyze data from thousands of people. The results of this analysis demonstrated a slightly increased risk of lung cancer for individuals with elevated exposure to household radon. This increased risk was consistent with the estimated level of risk based on studies of underground miners.

Techniques to measure a person's exposure to radon over time have become more precise, thanks to a number of studies carried out in the 1990s and early 2000s.

How can people know if they have an elevated level of radon in their homes?

Testing is the only way to know if a person's home has elevated radon levels. Indoor radon levels are affected by the soil composition under and around the house, and the ease with which radon enters the house. Homes that are next door to each other can have different indoor radon levels, making a neighbor's test result a poor predictor of radon risk. In addition, rain or snow, barometric pressure, and other influences can cause radon levels to vary from month to month or day to day, which is why both short- and long-term tests are available.

Short-term detectors measure radon levels for 2 days to 90 days, depending on the device. Long-term tests determine the average concentration for more than 90 days. Because radon levels can vary from day to day and month to month, a long-term test is a better indicator of the average radon level. Both tests are relatively easy to use and inexpensive. A state or local radon official can explain the differences between testing devices and recommend the most appropriate test for a person's needs and conditions.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends taking action to reduce radon in homes that have a radon level at or above 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) of air. About 1 in 15 U.S. homes is estimated to have radon levels at or above this EPA action level. Scientists estimate that lung cancer deaths could be reduced by 2 to 4 percent, or about 5,000 deaths, by lowering radon levels in homes exceeding the EPA's action level.

The EPA has more information about residential radon exposure and what people can do about it in the Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction.

Where can people find more information about radon?

The National Radon Program Services at Kansas State University is funded by the EPA and aimed at promoting public awareness of radon, increased testing, and the reduction of radon in homes, schools, and buildings. It provides a variety of resources, including the National Radon Hotlines, referrals to state radon programs, radon test kit orders, radon mitigation promotion, and other technical assistance and outreach activities.

Consumers can contact the National Radon Hotline at:

1-800-SOS-RADON (1-800-767-7236) to reach an automated system for ordering materials and listen to informational recordings

1-800-55-RADON (1-800-557-2366) to contact an information specialist, or by sending an e-mail

More information is also available online from the EPA.

Selected References

1. Darby S, Hill D, Deo H, et al. Residential radon and lung cancer: detailed results of a collaborative analysis of individual data on 7148 persons with lung cancer and 14,208 persons without lung cancer from 13 epidemiologic studies in Europe. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 2006; 32(Suppl 1):1-83. Erratum in Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 2007; 33(1):80.
[PubMed Abstract]

2. National Research Council. Committee on Health Risks of Exposure to Radon: BEIR VI. Health Effects of Exposure to Radon. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999.

3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (January 2009). A Citizen's Guide to Radon: The Guide to Protecting Yourself and Your Family From Radon. Retrieved October 18, 2011.

If you would like to reproduce some or all of this content, see Reuse of NCI Information for guidance about copyright and permissions. In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., "Radon and Cancer was originally published by the National Cancer Institute."

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A fact sheet about radon, an odorless radioactive gas, and its possible association with cancer, and how to test for radon in the home.

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our work will meets the learning goal because we're able to go look around find the sources of pollution and also identifying the type it is and it's health effects

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constitutional law of thailand article 57 state that permission is required if the person is going to start an event or anything that would disrurp the community and the environment

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Stratospheric ozone depletion- the ozone layer getting destroyed
Loss of biosphere integrity- human making animals go extinct or loss of biodiversity
Chemical pollution and the release of novel entities- pollution can damage the genetic diversity
Climate Change- human releasing Co2 into the atmosphere which change the climate
Ocean acidification- the Co2 released in the atmosphere dissolve in the ocean making the ocean acid
Freshwater consumption and the global hydrological cycle- human changing water way and midifying the area can cause the water cycle to be unstable
Land system change- peolple changing the land into agriculture land
Nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the biosphere and oceans- indrustial and agriculture change the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle
Atmospheric aerosol loading- toxic gas condense and kill people.

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for our group we had ideas about using concrete because it absorb the heat making the inside cool, we planned to use window so the air inside can get vented out.

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alot of the goverment land which are full of nature are tranfered to private hands, these people drill up oil wells and it destroy the environment. the building of the oil rig and also the use of water for hydro fracking or sand fracking creates alot of pollution because they need 600 trucks to go back and foward to get materials and supplies.

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1 highly insulated building
2 continous air sealed layer
3 eliminate thermasl bridge
4 heat ventilation
5 high perfomance glazing

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i do agree with his point, where taking down the nuclear plant will increase the world pollution crisis. the rich want to take nuclear plant down but by doing so will decrease the amount of clean energy used by 4 times, which is alot. sp by doing that it will make the world even more poluted.

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natural gas- 889 thousands barrel of oil
petroleum - 703
imported coal - 314
lignite - 72
imported hydroelectric - 63

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in this section the documentary show that the natural gass that's contamination the water of the communities are able to catch fire and combust. the higher ups told people of the communities that the water is completely fine eventhough the water is murky.

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in this section of the video, we were shown that the communities are suffering from the drilling of oil, the drilling of oil contaminates their drinking warter which makes the people of the communities sick, also the hazorouse gasses released from drilling oil cause the animals to go sick.

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Nigeria is rich of oil but got exploits by different companies and the government, so location militia is fighting for oil control. Nigeria people are now working on illegal oil refinery which reopened the black market, so the government isn't happy about that, they send soldiers to hunt them down.

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Pros
Clean fuel, doesn't destroy the face of the earth as much, can be use to find drinking water

Cons
Can cause seismic activity, release alot of pollutants, dangerous for workers

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For each of the videos viewed in class.  Identify one action that can be taken to improve the sustainability of food production and state the impact of the action. 

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For each of the videos viewed in class.  Identify one action that can be taken to improve the sustainability of food production and state the impact of the action. 

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vid 1: i dont think any action is needed, i tihnk the goverment should just increase the funding and open up more convineient store that can sell healthy food to the people
vid 2: decrease the consumption of beef which will free up land and water usuage.
vid 3: habitat loss
vid 4: deforestation, loss of insect habitat.

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Thailand stands out in SE Asia for its minimal tree cover loss due to urban development and agriculture (see map).  Why do you think this is?  Write a paragraph to explain.  Use any research, evidence, background knowledge and history/culture to support your answer.

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Thailand stands out in SE Asia for its minimal tree cover loss due to urban development and agriculture (see map).  Why do you think this is?  Write a paragraph to explain.  Use any research, evidence, background knowledge and history/culture to support your answer.

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I think it's because of how Thailand involves the military in protecting lands and preventing illegal logging. Thailand's military ordered to put an end to deforestation so they start by ordering refugees who live in the forest to leave immediately, even though this is a human right violation, the Thailand military used its wide-reaching martial law powers to overcome human rights protections.

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Use the reference, The Living Land.  List the 3 biggest categories that Earth's land is divided into.  List the 4 most abundant types of crops grown on Earth.

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Use the reference, The Living Land.  List the 3 biggest categories that Earth's land is divided into.  List the 4 most abundant types of crops grown on Earth.

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bare lands, tree covered space, natural land grass, crop lands

wheat, corn, rice, soybeans

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List the 3 biggest categories that Earth's land is divided into.  List the 4 most abundant types of crops grown on Earth

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List the 3 biggest categories that Earth's land is divided into.  List the 4 most abundant types of crops grown on Earth

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1 barelands 2 forest 3 agriculture
Plants: 1 wheat 2 corn 3 rice

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today we learned about the food chain and the food pyramid, which tells us how much the energy is moved on in the ecosystem.

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we learned that termite hive can make the soil more loosen which make the dirt more suitable for absorbing rain water, this will increase the tree canopy.

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birds can help distribute seed in a large area which help contributes to increase tree canopy. habitat fragmentation will decrease biodiversity.

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1 learn about key stone species
2 how life is organized- niche, individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biomes
3 terrestrial biome- temperature and precipitation
4 aquatic biomes- fresh water, salt water and open oceans
5 we also learned about yellow stone ecosystem
6 we learned about producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer.
7 food chain and species diversity

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because the goal was to learn about the sustainable solution to our topic, I manage to learn about urban runoff, the solution to urban runoff and also some example of project which reduce urban runoff.

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today i reviewed biodiversity, and ecosystem 

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today i reviewed biodiversity, and ecosystem 

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and pollution from mining

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today i learnt about clear cut and deforestation 

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today i learnt about clear cut and deforestation 

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humans are over harvesting resources and live stock which lead to many more problems

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2 dirt is the skin of the earth
3 there are billions of micro organism living in dirt
4 every thing on a planet is cycled through out the system
5 dirt is more organize than surface of all planet surface

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Today i learned about soil, types and what make up dirt. Different countries climate.

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Today i learned about soil, types and what make up dirt. Different countries climate.

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I learned a new method of farming called tilling

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I learned a new method of farming called tilling

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What do you notice about how carbon dioxide emissions are distributed around the world? they are distributed close to urban areas

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What do you notice about how carbon dioxide emissions are distributed around the world? they are distributed close to urban areas

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Can we tell from looking at this line-up which country is emitting the most total carbon? Why or why not?

yes we can, by looking at the spots on each country while we increase the date and time, we can see the total carbon in each country increasing

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1 the carbon dioxide emissions distribution are clustered to urban areas or places with development 

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1 the carbon dioxide emissions distribution are clustered to urban areas or places with development 

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2 The different colours represent the Amounts of carbon income

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we learned about population in many country, population growth, populattion crisis around the world

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we learned about population in many country, population growth, populattion crisis around the world

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today we  revisited population growth, different type of growth and limitingfactors

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today we  revisited population growth, different type of growth and limitingfactors

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We learned how people are changing the population of animals by using natural selection

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Frogs, today we learned that frogs are goin extinct 10,000 faster. Frog are important to the environment because they are eaten by many predators so to absence of frog could lead to the extinction of certain species. Amphibians play a role in human pharmaceutical because human have been using compounds found in the amphibians skin secretion.