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-Against slavery, slower slave trade in the union.

-Money wasn't made through cash crops like the south, more from production and manufacturing.

-Believed that the south had no reason to turn away and go against them.

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Union had 2.6 million enlisted

Confederate had 750,000 enilisted

In 1863 the Union outnumbered the South's Army 2-1'

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The industrialization of the northern states had an impact upon urbanization and immigration. By 1860, 26 percent of the Northern population lived in urban areas, led by the remarkable growth of cities such as Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Detroit, with their farm-machinery, food-processing, machine-tool, and railroad equipment factories. Only about a tenth of the southern population lived in urban areas.

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By 1860, the free states had nearly twice the value of farm machinery per acre and per farm worker as did the slave states, leading to increased productivity. As a result, in 1860, the Northern states produced half of the nation's corn, four-fifths of its wheat, and seven-eighths of its oats.

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General Grant came back to the Army to help lead the union to victory with his experience from the Mexican American War. He later became the 18th president of the United States.

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Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Vermont, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, Kansas, California, Oregon, and New Hampshire

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-Ulysses S.Grant: lead union army during the civil war; later became president.

- George Mcclellan: Lead army of Potomuc during civil war. He also ran for president against Abraham Lincoln.

-Abraham Lincoln: President during the civil war.

-Robert Anderson: surrendering fort Sumter (first engage of civil war)

-Nathaniel Banks: unsatisfied leader of union army.

-General William Sherman: fought In many battles .

-George Custer: US army officer , served in civil and Indian wars.

-General Winfield Scott Hancock: US army officer

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The North produced 17 times more cotton and woolen textiles than the South, 30 times more leather goods, 20 times more pig iron, and 32 times more firearms. The North produced 3,200 firearms to every 100 produced in the South. Only about 40 percent of the Northern population was still engaged in agriculture by 1860, as compared to 84 percent of the South.

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- There was an increase in immigrants coming into the US.

- The new immigrants moved north and west not wanting to deal with slavery

- Immigrants played leading roles in the Civil War and the reconstruction of the South

- Immigrants moved away from the South because of the opportunities in the North

-People came from all over the world

*A good majority came from Scotland and Poland

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By 1860, 90 percent of the nation's manufacturing output came from northern states.

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7/10  Union commanders graduated from the military academy of West Point, all were in the top 32 of their class.

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-Vast forests

-Land not good for farming

-Even though land wasn't good for farming, we still have 65% of farm acreage

-Very cold and harsh winters

-Fast rivers that were difficult to navigate

-Rocky Rivers