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Cultural Element: Language
5 Ethnic Groups:

1) Banjar
2) Peranakan (Chinese)
3) Lun Bawang
4) Bidayuh
5) Kenyah

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Total population in Malaysia: 205,900

Dominant Centre: southern Sarawak

Language:  Bidayuh

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For bidayuh language, there are around 25 different dialects that can be grouped under: Eastern, Western, Central and Highland. Each area speak its own dialect and it can be distinguished and broken down into categories as so.

1. Lundu speaks Jagoi, Salako, and Lara.

2. Bratak, Singai, Krokong, and Jagoi speak Singai-Jagoi.

3. Penrissen speaks Bisitang while people in Kampung Bunuk speak Bunuk (Segu-Benuk).

4. Siburan vicinity speaks Biatah.

5. Bidayuhs who live around Serian such as Tebakang, Mongkos, Tebedu to Tanjung Amo near the border of Kalimantan Indonesia speak Sadong.

6. Bidayuhs who live around Serian such as Baki, Baru, Taee, and Tarat speaks the Bukar language.

7. Bidayuhs in Padawan speak several but related dialects like Bi-Annah, Pinyawa, Braang, Bia', Bisepug, and Emperoh/Bipuruh.

8. Bidayuh Moden speaks mixed languages, mixed languages between Padawan and Jagoi language (Semeba, Tematu, Bumbok, and Sudad).

source: Wikipedia

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Total population in Malaysia: 25,000

Dominant Centre: Sarawak

Language: Kenyah Language

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source: Facebook user @Borneo8888

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Mainstream Kenyah language belongs to the Austronesian family. It is also known as Usun Apau and Bakung. The dialects of this language can be classified into:

Lepo’ Tau, Lepo’ Bem, Uma’ Jalan, Uma’ Tukung

Lepo’ Ke, Lepo’ Kuda

Lepo’ Maut, Lepo’ Ndang, Badeng (Madang)

Bakung, Lepo’ Tepu’ (Lepo Teppu’).

source: Wikipedia

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The Sound of the Bidayuh language (Numbers, Greetings, Words & The Parable)

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Language Development and  Revitalization Initiatives for Bidayuh Language in Sarawak

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Language Development and  Revitalization Initiatives for Bidayuh Language in Sarawak

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Ngendau: An Effort to Preservation Language in The Dayak Kenyah Tradition

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Ngendau: An Effort to Preservation Language in The Dayak Kenyah Tradition

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The differences between Kenyah Language Dialects

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The differences between Kenyah Language Dialects

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Kenyah Badeng vs Kenyah Ngurek

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Kenyah Badeng vs Kenyah Ngurek: The Kenyah Difference

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Total population in Malaysia: 12,800

Dominant Centre(s): southwest of Sabah (Interior Division), and the northern region of Sarawak (Limbang Division)

Language: Lundayeh

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Lun Bawang people use Lun Bawang language or Lundayeh mainly as oral language. This language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family.

Lundayeh is commonly used orally because there's exceptionally small printed composed fabric in this dialect that was not composed by missionaries or etymologists.

source: wikipedia

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The Kemaloh Lun Bawang Language of Borneo

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The Kemaloh Lun Bawang Language of Borneo

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A journal on the linguistic values of Lundayeh language.

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Interactive Augmented Reality (AR)-Based Learning Cards for Lun Bawang Language

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Interactive Augmented Reality (AR)-Based Learning Cards for Lun Bawang Language

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An attempt of bringing back the deteriorating usage of Lun Bawang language using AR based cards.

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The holy bible in Lun Bawang language, one of the printed materials in Lundayeh.

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Video of an English Man talking in Lun Bawang

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Video of an English Man talking in Lun Bawang

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English man tell a story tales in Lun Bawang language

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Total population in Malaysia: 8,000,000

Dominant Centre(s): Malacca and Penang

Language: Baba Malay

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Baba Malay is a creole language with a mixture of Bahasa Melayu and Hokkien. A number of terms has been used to refer to this language including 'Peranakan Language', 'Baba Language' and also 'Baba Patois'. Back then, the native speakers of this language would prefer to use 'Baba Patois' but it should be kept in consideration that this term has a belittling meaning. The term 'patois' refers to a 'broken' language especially when being compared to a more standard language.

source: https://babamalay.com/what-is-baba-malay/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakans#Language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages#Baba_Malay

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Tjhit Liap Seng (Seven Starts of Pleiades) 

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Tjhit Liap Seng (Seven Starts of Pleiades) 

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Tjhit Liap Seng by  Lie Kim Hok, 1886 is the first Malay Hokkien novel.

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The development of articles (linguistic) in Baba Malay

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The development of articles (linguistic) in Baba Malay

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This journal explains on how Baba Malay is made up of Malay language and Hokkien.

source

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How to speak like a Peranakan by a family of Chinese Peranakans

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How to speak like a Peranakan by a family of Chinese Peranakans

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How to speak like a Peranakan | CNA Insider

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Total population in Malaysia: 1,237,615

Dominant Centre: Sabah

Language: Banjarese

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Ethnic Banjars have a culture of crossing between Malays, Dayaks and Javanese which can be seen from the lingo of Banjar in communication (lingual franca), craftsmanship, and standard scrutinizing.

Banjarese or commonly known by the natives as Bahasa Banjar is an Austronesian language that is used by Banjar people in  the South Kalimantan province of Indonesia.

source:
1) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344436321_Banjarese_Self-Concept_Identity_and_River_Culture

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This journal is about the shared vocabulary between Malay language and Banjarese shown in the Malaysian animation series 'Upin and Ipin'

Rafiek, M. (2021). Equation of Malay vocabulary in the animation film of upin and ipin with banjarese vocabulary in South Kalimantan. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(1).

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https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/1xbMcEMvRRHwy5ux3bWz-OymA6-qhUW1y

credits to owner: sambang simambang

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A short clip on a Banjarese speaker.