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Republican Congress - Senate Civil Service Committee reducing federal expenditures and dismantling New Deal - Indian Commissioner Zimmerman asked to testify on the BIA programs (can Indian tribes succeed without federal assistance)

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National Council of Churches issues report recommending that Indiands be given full citizenship by eliminating discrimination legislation that bound them to the government. (An example of economic and religious Darwinism - survival of the fittest disguised as ethics) Calls for unilateral termination of federal assistance to Indians as part of budget cuts.

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Puzzlingly, Indian reservations were made a part of the large federal educational programs created by Congress. Indians were included in the school construction programs and in certain cases were eligible for the impact aid programs.

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William Henry Harrison of Wyoming introduced House Concurrent Resolution 108 effectively "freeing" Indian tribes from Federal supervision and control. There was hardly opposition in Congress and it passed in both houses.. setting the stage for federal termination of Indian federal supervision

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Senators such as Watkins of Utah believe Indians being "freed from federal restrictions" would prosper without bureaucratic intervention and multiple major tribes are terminated.

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After half a decade of controversy and Indian protests, Secretary of the Interior Fred Seaton announced that hereinafter no tribe would be terminated without its consent.

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President Richard Nixon calls termination "morally and legally unacceptable" and asks Congress to pass a new Concurrent Resolution to expressly renounce and repeal previous termination policy.

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1. Fundamental changes in land ownership patterns
2. Trust relationship was ended
3. State legislative jurisdiction and judicial authority imposed
4. Exemption from taxing power was ended
5. Special federal programs to tribes and individual Indians discontinued
6. Tribal sovereignty effectively ended