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The company uses batch processing system.

It begins as soon as management gets orders from distributors. These orders are used to schedule production. At the start of each shift, a list of the cookies to be made that day is delivered to the person in charge of mixing to enter that information into the computer based on the list. The computer then determines the amount of each ingredient needed, and automatically sent them to giant mixing, cutting machines. After that, the cookies are heated to an oven and moved to a cooling rack. After being cooked, cookies are manually packed. Lastly, the packaged cookies are labeled and sealed.

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- They use nonfilled cookies: are cut on a diagonal rather than round. The diagonal-cut cookies require less space than straight-cut cookies,  and the result is a higher level of productivity.

- Company uses automating ingredients measurement to avoid human error when preparing and mixing the ingredients

=> Increasing the length of the oven leads to a faster output speed because it allows to bake more cookies at the same time. Combine the diagonal-cut with the bigger baking area, it becomes more effective. The bigger the oven, the more cookies they can bake.

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THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
-The corporation employs a batch processing method, and the process begins when management receives orders from its distributors.
-Following then, production schedules are created depending on the orders received.
-A list of the cookies to be made that day is handed to the person in charge of mixing at the start of each shift.
-To guarantee accuracy, the components required are through a master list comprising all of the constituents and enters that information into the computer.
-The materials are subsequently moved to mixers, which are finally transported to a cutting machine. Then, the cookies are transported through one of two ovens.
-The cookies are then baked in an oven and placed on a cooling rack  20 feet high and 3 feet wide.
-Removing any broken or deformed cookies in the process
-When all of the cookies have been baked, they are hand packaged.
-Finally, the cookies are labeled and sealed to

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(*) “Removing any broken or deformed cookies in the process.” (The Production Process)
=> Crucial:

1. The quality of the products

2. Sustain the brand name

3. Employment => Work ethic

4. Maintenance Cost

(*) The Rights and Responsibilities of Employers are “Employers must give their employees a place to work and make sure they have access to it.”

(*) It is the duty of the corporate body to protect the interest of society as well as the environment
=> Fulfill (provide goods and services legally, efficiently, and profitably to the society.)
=> They care for the community and employees.

(*) Yes, the size of the town is indeed a major factor:
- In smaller cities, they can easily manage their business to fit the market while also showing the company values.

- In larger cities, the market is on a larger scale and has more competitors.

(*) Definitely, the size of the company is crucial:
- The size is larger
- Higher capital
- Great brand recognition
- Opportunities for Economies of Scale
=> More customers, employees, products.
=> Profit.

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Two ways that the company has increased productivity: The company has cut the cake diagonally so that it can save space then more cakes can be baked. Additionally, the firm increases productivity by automating ingredients that can reduce ingredients waste and avoid mistakes when mixing by hand.
Increasing the length of ovens, more cakes can be baked at once, thus getting a higher rate of output.

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Factors that causes the company to carry minimal inventories:

- They use minimal inventories to preserve the quality of the cookies. As they aim to provide high quality products with no preservatives and additives, the cookies have limited and shelf life and been shifted immediately after producing process. Maintaining the quality also leads to higher rate of customer satisfaction.

- To lessen the inventories cost.

- To have minimal inventories means more uses of free space for other processes.

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- The main factor in judging the quality of the cookies is their quality or freshness. All the cookies are not broken, the cookies still retain their spongy softness, not too hard or too dry. Fresh or high-quality cookies would catch more customers.

- Second, the ingredients, if natural ingredients are used and those cookies don't have any additives or preservatives I would be more enticed to buy cookies. Also, low-sugar cookies are also a good choice when I buy a confectionery product.

- The third is the packaging of the product, its outer appearance tells a lot about a product. I would buy a product that has really nice and neat packaging proper labeling has a description of ingredients, calories, fat, and sugar counting.

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- The advantage of using preservatives are:
+ It can keep the product life longer
+ It helps the company mass producing more product

- The limitation of using preservatives are:
+ It may affect the product quality
+ Many people have prejudice against preservatives

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1. Briefly describe the cookie production process.

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1. Briefly describe the cookie production process.

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The company uses a batch processing system. It begins when the management gets orders from distributors and schedules production. A list of cakes to be made that day will be delivered at the beginning of each shift to the person in charge of mixing. The ingredients needed are activated through a master list to ensure accuracy. The ingredients are then transferred to the mixer then to the cutter machine. The cookies are heated in the oven and moved to a cooling rack. When all the cakes are done, they will be packed manually. Lastly, the packaged cookies are labeled and sealed.

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Factors that lead to minimal amount of inventories:
+ The short shelf life of the cookies. Cookies are made without additives and preservatives.
--> Better cookies quality
+ The frequent change of FDA's label requirements
--> reduce waste
The benefits from minimal amount of inventories
+ Retaining the freshness of cookies, satisfying customers
+ Lower inventory costs
+ Less needs for storage space

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The company strategy:
- Providing high-quality cookies that appeal to a particular market niche. By minimal waste and maximizing productivity. Keeping on the necessary inventory on hand allows the company to have little to no waste, and increasing the oven lengths and baking the cookies in an order which allows less cleaning increases their productivity levels.
- Focusing on its customers and employees.
=> Giving a possible effect on its community and gaining the support of the people.

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As a consumer, I would consider these things in judging the
quality of cookies you buy in a supermarket
- Brand name: Brand mane is quite important in business, the brand has better reputation in the market will be more likely to have better quality
- How the cookies’ look: It is not necessary for a cookie to look nice, however, the look shows that the maker/ bakery have tried their best to work on the cookie ( which is another sign of quality )
- Used time: Cookies are not an item with a long shelf life (except for prepackaged cookies), so the cookie you're holding is made on the same day, with the closest date can also consider the quality of the cookie
- The number of cookies on the counter: the staff will usually add stock at certain hours, so if there's a small amount of a cookie left, it's usually quite tasty and to the customer's taste, it's probably going to be quality cookies
- Taste and ingredients: Usually we won't know the taste of the cookie because it's already in the box, but sometimes in the supermarket there will be a tasting counter. The taste can also kind of affect through the ingredients, like how sweet the cookies are, by the amount of the sugar.

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2. What are two ways that the company has increased produc-tivity? Why did increasing the length of the ovens result in a faster output rate?

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2. What are two ways that the company has increased produc-tivity? Why did increasing the length of the ovens result in a faster output rate?

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- Cutting the non-filled cookies diagonally, so more cookies can be baked
- automate  packing  the  cook-ies into boxes

use  suppliers  who  are  located  closer  to  the  plant.
- the company recently increased the length of each oven by 25 feet, which also increased the rate of production, so there are more cookies can be baked at one time

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- The advantages from the company's not using preservatives in cookies:
+ The product would appeal more to customers ( It's good for customers' health)
+ It would also reduce the company's cost, as less raw materials are needed.
- The limitation:
+ Limit the shelf life of the cookies.

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4. Factors that causes the company to carry amounts of certain inventories and the benefits results from the policy 

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4. Factors that causes the company to carry amounts of certain inventories and the benefits results from the policy 

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Factors that causes the company to carry amounts of certain inventories:
+ The agency is ready on providing a product that is immoderate high-satisfactory of the cookies, they are no longer use preservatives or additives to make cookies become way fresher and stop wasting on the resources.
+ They are also decreasing the stock costs

The benefits results from the policy:
+ Due to the quality of the cookies, their customers might be more sastifying of the products
+ There maybe minium inventories in used

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3.  Do you think that the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of cookies? Explain your reason-ing. What obligation does a company have to its employees in a situation such as this? What obligation does it have to the community? Is the size of the town a factor? Would it make a difference if the company was located in a large city? Is the size of the company a factor? What if it were a much larger company?

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3.  Do you think that the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of cookies? Explain your reason-ing. What obligation does a company have to its employees in a situation such as this? What obligation does it have to the community? Is the size of the town a factor? Would it make a difference if the company was located in a large city? Is the size of the company a factor? What if it were a much larger company?

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I think the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of cookies. One of the most important steps before packing the cookies is to remove the broken cookies. An automated process can not perform this task. It is crucial that this step is done because it would say that the company is producing a good product.

The company have moral obligation towards their employees. It helps employees stay employed. The company show the community that it cares and is dedicated to its employee.

Yes, the size is a factor. If the company is located in a small town, it is easier to penetrate the market.

Yes i think it would be different if the company is located in a big city, it would be more challenge to catch customers because there are competitors.

Yes, the size does matter, the bigger it is the easier it is to hook customers because the customers will see the company much more liable.

If the company is much larger it would have to hire more people and has capacity to help the community more

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6. What advantages and what limitations stem from the company’s not using preservatives in cookies?

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6. What advantages and what limitations stem from the company’s not using preservatives in cookies?

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Advantages:
- The company decided not to use preservers in the cookies in order to provide the best cookies to the customers. Also the consumers who do not want add some preservatives into the food will realize and esteem the value and the quality of the company. Therefore, this type of customers is one of the most important type of customers that can become long-relationship customers in the near future and can create profit to the company.
Limitations of not using preservatives in cookies:
- Reduce the time that keep the cookies look delicious and can eat.
- Cannot transported to long distances due to the lifetime and that affects the profits of the company in the future.

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7. Briefly describe the company’s strategy.

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7. Briefly describe the company’s strategy.

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- The company focused on high-quality cookies to develop a strong market niche for its product.
- The company attaches great importance to the health of its customers.
- The company also focuses on its employees
=> It gives a possible effect on its community and gains the support of the people.

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Do you think that the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of cookies?
- In the case, it is said that when the cookies come off the cooling racks, workers place the cookies into boxes manually, removing any broken or deformed cookies in the process. Personally I think that the automated process is unable to decide which cookies are broken or deformed. So at this time the company is doing right.
What obligation does a company have to its employees in a situation such as this?
- In any situation, the company need to take responsibility for maintaining working conditions that enable them to work productively. For example, in a situation where the company decides to automate the packaging of the cookies, instead of sacking the workforce, the company should try to divert them to other departments. This will serve the purpose for both the parties. The company will be able to achieve new levels of productivity and the workers will be able to retain their jobs
What obligation does it have to the community?
- The company needs to ensure that the products that reach customers are good products, and have good treatment policies for employees as well as customers. This will help the company get a good image in the eyes of customers and the investors as well.
Is the size of the town a factor? Would it make a difference if the company was located in a large city?
- Yes, it is more difficult for the company to maintain its position among other competitors in a large city. Meanwhile in a small town, they can focus on the interests  of local customers and easily become the main distributer of that cookies
Is the size of the company a factor? What if it were a much larger company?
- It is easier for large companies to attract talents from many places due to higher credibility than small companies. Moreover, the products from such a big company are usually focused more than ones from smaller companies by the customers. However, whether the company is large or small, they always have ensure the quality of employees' jobs as well as bring products worthy of the size and reputation of the company.

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Question 7. Briefly describe the company’s strategy.

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Question 7. Briefly describe the company’s strategy.

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Mostly, the firm focuses on providing high quality cookies that appeal to a particular market.
The company also pays attention to its customers and employees meanwhile, the company has various potential improvements that might save some money and increase efficiency, reduce lead time and transportation costs.
=>  it gives a possible effect on its community and gains the support of the people