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Use: subject of a verb
Endings:
Masc:                   Fem:
-us/r                      -a
-i                            -ae

3rd Declension:
Sing: Any Plur: -es

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Shows possession
Endings:
Masc:                       Fem:
-i,                                 -ae
-orum,                        -arum

3rd declension:
Sing: -is Plur -um

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http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/gladiators/rudiarius.htm
This is a link that describes the several different gladiators along with details on how they were granted their freedom.

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How it is used in the sentence....Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative

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Singular or plural

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Used in passive voice with "by" to show who is doing the action

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- 3rd Conjugation: Present Passive:
Chop off "-ere" and replace w/ "i"

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Masculine, Feminine, Neuter

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Use: put object of a preposition into this case

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- need a passive verb form
- no preposition needed
- noun goes into ablative case (will be a thing or object)
- translated as by

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Shows indirect object
Uses to/for in English translation
Endings:
Masc:                        Fem:
-o                                -ae
-is                               -is

3rd declension:
Sing:  -i                   Plur: -um

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Use: Direct Object, Object of the preposition, or Accusative Subject
Endings:
Masc:                         Fem:
-um                               -am
-os                                -as

Neuter:
Masc:                        Fem:
-um                              -a
-a                                  -a

3rd Declension:
Sing: -em Plur: -es

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Present
o s t mus tis nt

Imperfect
bam bas bat bamus bantis bant

Future
bo bis bit bimus bitis bunt (1&2)
am es et emus etis ent (3&4)

Perfect
i isti it imus istis erunt (1 and 2)

Pluperfect
eram eras erat eramus eratis erant

Future Perfect
ero eris erit erimus eritis erint

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II Honors Lists I-IV Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying II Honors Lists I-IV. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1bBheWuVPHavB2cJWtVsDK7EZB_KuauNR7xnPR1nNqNk/edit

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"Subject" + "Main Brain Verb" + "Accusative Subject" + "Infinitive"*

*Translated as a normal verb relative to main brain verb:
-Same time: Present
-Before: Perfect
-After: Future

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Samnite

Hoplomachus

Thracian

Secutor

Myrmillo

Retiarius

Remember: gladiators only fought other specific types of gladiators

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either a 2-1-2 or 3rd declension
ex: laetus, -a, -um / fortis, forte
translation: happy / strong

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stem + -ior (M/F), -ius (N)
3rd Adjective Endings
ex: laetior, laetius
happier, more happy, rather happy

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Object of a preposition (Ablative Cheer)
Endings:
Masc:                       Fem:
-o                               -a
-is                              -is

3rd Declension:
Sing: -e Plur: -ibus

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stem + -issimus (M), -issima (F), -issimum (N)

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verb by ____
Includes ablative of agent
Present
r ris tur mur mini ntur

Imperfect
bar baris batur bamur bamini bantur

Future
bor biris bitur bimur bimini buntur

Perfect

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death chosen by emperor/ deaths did not usually happen because time, money, and training was put into the gladiators

capacity of about 55,000 people

exotic animals such as lions, tiger, elephants, ect. were sometimes brought into the games

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ad + accusative -

to, toward

a/ab + ablative -

by, from

audiō, audīre, audīvī, auditus -

to hear

celer, celeris, celere -

quick

cena, -ae, f. -

dinner

civis, civis, m./f. -

citizen

deus, -ī, m. -

god

dicō, dicere, dixī, dictus -

to say, to tell

dō, dāre, dedī, datus -

to give

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus -

to lead

eō, īre, īvī, iturus -

to go

epistula, -ae, f. -

letter

et -

and

facilis, facile -

easy

faciō, facere, fēcī, factus -

to do, to make

femina, -ae, f. -

woman

fortis, forte -

strong, brave

iter, itineris, n. -

journey

mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus -

to send

omnis, omnis, omne -

each, (plural: all)

optimus, -a, -um -

best

parō, parāre, parāvī, paratus -

to prepare

pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnatus -

to fight

quī, quae, quod -

who, which, that

sciō, scīre, scīvī, scitus -

to know

servus, -ī, m. -

slave

totus, -a, -um -

entire, all, whole

urbs, urbis, f. -

city

videō, vidēre, vīdī, visus -

to see

vir, virī, m. -

man

volō, velle, voluī, volitus -

to want, to wish

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Latin Verbs: Form the Passive Voice in the Primary Tenses (Indicative)

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General rule: Form the passive voice of the primary tenses (present, imperfect, future) in just two steps: STEP 1: Think of the primary tense in its active form (e.g., amâT, amâMUS, amâbÔ). STEP 2: Add -R to the first person singular forms in -Ô, and for the other active personal endings substitute the passive personal endings (e.g., amâTUR, amaMUR, amâboR).

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alius, -a, -um -

other, another

bonus, -a, -um -

good

capiō, capere, cēpi, captus -

to seize

cūr -

why

dē + abl. -

about, down from

dum -

while

exercitus, -ūs, m. -

army

habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus -

to have

imperator, -is, m. -

emperor

mors, mortis, f. -

death

multus, -a, -um -

much / many

nihil -

nothing

nolō, nolle, noluī -

to be unwilling, not to wish

paulum, ī, n. -

a little, a small amount

per + acc. -

through, throughout

petō, petere, petīvī, petitus -

to seek, look for

portō, portāre, portavī, portatus -

to carry

possum, posse, potuī -

to be able

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum -

beautiful

quod -

because

sed -

but

semper -

always

senatus, -ūs, -m. -

senate

sub + abl. -

under

sum, esse, fuī, futurus -

to be

suus, -a, -um -

his/her own

tristis, tristis, triste -

sad

tuus, -a, -um -

your

vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus -

to conquer

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Ianuarius | 29 |
Februarius | 28 |
Martius | 31 |
Aprilis | 29 |
Maius | 31 |
Iunius | 29 |
Quintilis | 31 |
Sextilis | 29 |
September | 29 |
October | 31 |
November | 29 |
December | 29 |

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bIH5z37J0dHdV6QNaKzKVTHQCzJ3I0BNXEIFErRVGBA/edit

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Translated as "verbing"
Stem taken from perfect stem (infinitive)
Add -ns, -ntis for declining
Uses 3rd declension adjective endings
EXCEPTION
3rd io and 4th conjugations use
- iens, ientis

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Translated as "having been verbed"

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1st, 2nd, 3rd person

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Singular or Plural

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Present, Imperfect, Future, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future perfect

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Active, Passive

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Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive