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                                   Effects after WWII

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                                   Effects after WWII

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At its end, Germany was in ruins.

Great Britain was badly over strained and exhausted.

France, having endured five years of Nazi occupation, was rent by internal division.

Italy was extremely weakened.

Japan was decimated and under occupation.

China was headed toward a renewed civil war.

Transportation and communication links had been reduced to rubble.

Agricultural production plummeted.

Displaced individuals wandered around in search of food and family.

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Origins of The Cold War began in 1917 with The Bolshevik Revolution and the Western powers’ hostile response.

In a more meaningful sense began in Mid-1945 as World War II came to a close.

In Poland in 1945, Soviets refused to allow the Polish government-in-exile in London to be a part of the communist government Moscow sponsored.

Soviets snuffed out civil liberties in the former Nazi satellite of Romania, justifying their actions by pointing to what they claimed was an equivalent U.S. manipulation of Italy.

Soviets protested that the US was meddling in eastern Europe.

Moscow charged that the US was pursuing a double standard--intervening in the affairs of Eastern Europe.

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Atomic bomb also divided the two major powers.

Soviets believed that the US was practicing “atomic diplomacy”-- maintaining a nuclear monopoly to scare the Soviets into diplomatic concessions.

Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson thought if Americans continued to have “this weapon rather ostentatiously on our hip,” he warned Truman, the Soviets’ “suspicions and their distrust of our purposes and motives will increase”.

Truman refused to turn over the weapon to an international control authority.

In 1946 Soviets and Americans clashed on every front.

The two Cold War powers backed different groups in Iran.

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The two Grand Alliance members now found themselves locked in a tense struggle for world dominance.

Lasted almost half a century.

Seems as though the conflict could not have been avoided.

Two countries had a history of hostility and tension.

Both were military powerful.

The two nations were divided by sharply differing political economies with widely divergent needs, and a deep ideological chasm.