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Characteristics: A large commercial farm in a developing country that specializes in one or two crops.

Crops/Livestock: Crops include Rubber, oil palm, cotton and copra, coffee, tea, cocoa, bananas and sugarcane

Where it is found: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar,Cuba, Brazil, Peru, Puerto Rico , Philippines, Mexico, Jamaica, Columbia

Key Terms: farmstead, ranch, estate, orchard

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Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice not Dominant

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Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice not Dominant

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Characteristics: More than one harvest being grown, and a rotation of crops to not dry out and exhaust the soil.

Crops/Livestock: Wheat, barley, corn, millet, soybeans, and oats

Where it is found: Found in the interior of India and northeastern China

Key Terms:  India, China, harvest, wheat, corn

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Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Dominant

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Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Dominant

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Characteristics: Wet rice is rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved as seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth.

Crops/Livestock: Rice, and water buffalo may be used to plow a rice field, as they do in the Philippines.

Where it is found: Southeastern China, East India, and much of Southeast Asia.

Key Terms: rice, buffalo, fields, dry land

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Characteristics:  Farmers clear land for planting by slashing plants and burning the debris.  Farmers will grow crops on a cleared field for only a few years until soil nutrients are depleted, and then leave it fallow (without crops) for many years so the soil can recover.

Crops/Livestock:  Upland rice is grown in Southeast Asia, maize and cassava in South America, and millet and sorghum in Africa.  Yams, sugarcane, plantain, and vegetables are also grown in some regions.

Where it is found:  Shifting cultivation is usually found in the tropical regions of Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Important Terms:
The following are all synonyms for shifting cultivation.
Swidden
Slash and Burn
lading
milpa
chena
kaingin

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Characteristics: They usually have  herds  of domesticated animals.

Crops/Livestock: The livestock includes Camels, goats, sheep

Where it is found: They usually live in the belt of arid and semiarid land that includes Central and Southwest Asia and North Africa.

Key Terms: Herding, sheep, domestic animals, North Africa